Department of Psychological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
Psychophysiology. 2018 Feb;55(2). doi: 10.1111/psyp.12987. Epub 2017 Sep 6.
Individuals differ greatly in their sensitivity to rewards and punishments. In the extreme, these differences are implicated in a range of psychiatric disorders from addiction to depression. However, it is unclear how these differences influence the recruitment of attention, working memory, and long-term memory when responding to potential rewards. Here, we used a rewarded memory-guided visual search task and ERPs to examine the influence of individual differences in self-reported reward/punishment sensitivity, as measured by the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS)/Behavioral Activation System (BAS) scales, on the recruitment of cognitive mechanisms in conditions of potential reward. Select subscales of the BAS, including the fun seeking and reward responsiveness scales, showed unique relationships with context updating to reward cues and working memory maintenance of potentially rewarded stimuli. In contrast, BIS scores showed unique relationships with deployment of attention at different points in the task. These results suggest that sensitivity to rewards (i.e., BAS) and to punishment (i.e., BIS) may play an important role in the recruitment of specific and distinct cognitive mechanisms in conditions of potential rewards.
个体在对奖励和惩罚的敏感程度上存在很大差异。在极端情况下，这些差异与从成瘾到抑郁等一系列精神障碍有关。然而，目前尚不清楚这些差异如何影响潜在奖励响应时注意力、工作记忆和长期记忆的招募。在这里，我们使用了一个有奖励的记忆引导视觉搜索任务和 ERP，来研究个体差异对认知机制招募的影响，这种差异通过行为抑制系统（BIS）/行为激活系统（BAS）量表来衡量，该量表测量了对潜在奖励的自我报告的奖励/惩罚敏感度。BAS 的一些子量表，包括寻求乐趣和奖励反应性量表，与奖励线索的上下文更新以及潜在奖励刺激的工作记忆维持存在独特的关系。相比之下，BIS 分数与任务不同时间点的注意力部署存在独特的关系。这些结果表明，对奖励的敏感度（即 BAS）和对惩罚的敏感度（即 BIS）可能在潜在奖励条件下特定和不同认知机制的招募中发挥重要作用。
