Department of Basic Psychology, College of Psychology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
School of Nursing, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Biomed Res Int. 2019 May 27;2019:7589275. doi: 10.1155/2019/7589275. eCollection 2019.
To investigate the mediation effect of approach/avoidance motivation between hardiness and depressive symptoms.
Cross-sectional design was utilized. Two independent samples of military servicemen (G1: military personnel in the Armed Forces; G2: Chinese army military cadets) (n1 = 98, n2 =140) were sampled and investigated. The assessment tools of hardiness scale (DRS), behavioral activation and inhibition scales (BAS/BIS), and Center for Epidemiological Survey-Depression Scale (CES-D)/Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were used. General linear model was conducted to examine the predictive role of hardiness (DRS) and motivation (BAS/BIS) on depressive symptoms (CES-D or BDI). The mediating role of BAS/BIS between hardiness and depressive symptoms was examined.
(1) Across army soldiers and military medical university cadets, hardiness (=-0.394, <0.001) and behavioral inhibition (=0.297, <0.001) significantly predicted depressive symptoms. (2) For soldiers only, behavioral inhibition mediated the significant association between hardiness and depressive symptoms (=-0.043, SE=0.027, 95%CI=-0.130-0.008). (3) For cadets only, behavioral activation-Drive significantly predicted depressive symptoms (=-0.237, =0.012), and hardiness operates through behavioral activation-Drive to influence depressive symptoms (=-0.057, SE=0.036, 95%CI=-0.151-0.078).
Individuals who are low in hardiness and behavioral activation-Drive and who are high in behavioral inhibition showed more severe depressive symptoms. The relationship between hardiness and depressive symptoms was mediated by behavioral activation-Drive in cadets and behavioral inhibition in soldiers. The proposed model offers a useful approach for the development of hardiness training programs to alter approach/avoidance motivation in the military context. Future training program of hardiness could lay more emphasis on promotion of perseverance in pursuing goals in hardy individuals, which may in turn improve active coping.
探讨坚毅与抑郁症状之间的趋近/回避动机的中介作用。
采用横断面设计，分别抽取军队军人（G1：武装部队军人；G2：中国军校学员）两个独立样本（n1=98，n2=140）进行调查。采用坚韧性量表（DRS）、行为激活和抑制量表（BAS/BIS）和流行病学调查抑郁量表（CES-D）/贝克抑郁量表（BDI）进行评估。采用一般线性模型检验坚韧性（DRS）和动机（BAS/BIS）对抑郁症状（CES-D 或 BDI）的预测作用。检验坚韧性和抑郁症状之间的 BAS/BIS 中介作用。
（1）在军队军人和军医大学学员中，坚毅（=-0.394，<0.001）和行为抑制（=0.297，<0.001）显著预测抑郁症状。（2）仅对军人而言，行为抑制介导了坚毅与抑郁症状之间的显著关联（=-0.043，SE=0.027，95%CI=-0.130-0.008）。（3）仅对学员而言，行为激活-驱力显著预测抑郁症状（=-0.237，=0.012），而坚毅通过行为激活-驱力对抑郁症状产生影响（=-0.057，SE=0.036，95%CI=-0.151-0.078）。
坚毅和行为激活-驱力水平较低、行为抑制水平较高的个体表现出更严重的抑郁症状。坚毅与抑郁症状之间的关系在学员中由行为激活-驱力中介，在军人中由行为抑制中介。所提出的模型为在军事环境中改变趋近/回避动机的坚毅训练计划的发展提供了一个有用的方法。未来的坚毅训练计划可以更加注重培养坚毅个体追求目标的毅力，从而改善积极应对。
