Abubshait Abdulaziz, Wiese Eva
Department of Psychology, George Mason University, FairfaxVA, United States.
Front Psychol. 2017 Aug 23;8:1393. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01393. eCollection 2017.
Gaze following occurs automatically in social interactions, but the degree to which gaze is followed depends on whether an agent is perceived to have a mind, making its behavior socially more relevant for the interaction. Mind perception also modulates the attitudes we have toward others, and determines the degree of empathy, prosociality, and morality invested in social interactions. Seeing mind in others is not exclusive to human agents, but mind can also be ascribed to non-human agents like robots, as long as their appearance and/or behavior allows them to be perceived as intentional beings. Previous studies have shown that human appearance and reliable behavior induce mind perception to robot agents, and positively affect attitudes and performance in human-robot interaction. What has not been investigated so far is whether different triggers of mind perception have an independent or interactive effect on attitudes and performance in human-robot interaction. We examine this question by manipulating agent appearance (human vs. robot) and behavior (reliable vs. random) within the same paradigm and examine how congruent (human/reliable vs. robot/random) versus incongruent (human/random vs. robot/reliable) combinations of these triggers affect performance (i.e., gaze following) and attitudes (i.e., agent ratings) in human-robot interaction. The results show that both appearance and behavior affect human-robot interaction but that the two triggers seem to operate in isolation, with appearance more strongly impacting attitudes, and behavior more strongly affecting performance. The implications of these findings for human-robot interaction are discussed.
在社交互动中，目光追随会自动发生，但目光被追随的程度取决于一个主体是否被认为具有心智，这使得其行为在社交互动中更具相关性。心智感知也会调节我们对他人的态度，并决定在社交互动中投入的同理心、亲社会性和道德程度。在他人身上看到心智并非人类主体所独有，只要非人类主体（如机器人）的外观和/或行为使其能够被视为有意图的存在，心智也可以被赋予它们。先前的研究表明，人类外观和可靠行为会引发对机器人主体的心智感知，并对人机交互中的态度和表现产生积极影响。到目前为止尚未研究的是，不同的心智感知触发因素在人机交互中对态度和表现是具有独立影响还是交互影响。我们通过在同一范式中操纵主体外观（人类与机器人）和行为（可靠与随机）来研究这个问题，并考察这些触发因素的一致组合（人类/可靠与机器人/随机）与不一致组合（人类/随机与机器人/可靠）如何影响人机交互中的表现（即目光追随）和态度（即主体评分）。结果表明，外观和行为都会影响人机交互，但这两个触发因素似乎是独立起作用的，外观对态度的影响更强，行为对表现的影响更强。我们将讨论这些发现对人机交互的启示。
