Haring Kerstin S, Satterfield Kelly M, Tossell Chad C, de Visser Ewart J, Lyons Joseph R, Mancuso Vincent F, Finomore Victor S, Funke Gregory J
Humane Robot Technology Laboratory, Ritchie School of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Computer Science, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States.
Transportation Research Center, Inc., East Liberty, OH, United States.
Front Psychol. 2021 May 31;12:625713. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.625713. eCollection 2021.
The anticipated social capabilities of robots may allow them to serve in authority roles as part of human-machine teams. To date, it is unclear if, and to what extent, human team members will comply with requests from their robotic teammates, and how such compliance compares to requests from human teammates. This research examined how the human-likeness and physical embodiment of a robot affect compliance to a robot's request to perseverate utilizing a novel task paradigm. Across a set of two studies, participants performed a visual search task while receiving ambiguous performance feedback. Compliance was evaluated when the participant requested to stop the task and the coach urged the participant to keep practicing multiple times. In the first study, the coach was either physically co-located with the participant or located remotely via a live-video. Coach type varied in human-likeness and included either a real human (confederate), a Nao robot, or a modified Roomba robot. The second study expanded on the first by including a Baxter robot as a coach and replicated the findings in a different sample population with a strict chain of command culture. Results from both studies showed that participants comply with the requests of a robot for up to 11 min. Compliance is less than to a human and embodiment and human-likeness on had weak effects on compliance.
机器人预期具备的社交能力可能使其能够作为人机团队的一部分担任权威角色。到目前为止，尚不清楚人类团队成员是否会以及在多大程度上会遵守机器人队友的要求，以及这种遵守情况与来自人类队友的要求相比如何。本研究使用一种新颖的任务范式，考察了机器人的拟人程度和物理实体对遵守机器人持续执行任务请求的影响。在两项研究中，参与者在接受模糊的绩效反馈时执行视觉搜索任务。当参与者要求停止任务而教练多次敦促参与者继续练习时，对遵守情况进行评估。在第一项研究中，教练要么与参与者在同一物理位置，要么通过实时视频远程定位。教练类型在拟人程度上有所不同，包括真人（同谋）、Nao机器人或改装的Roomba机器人。第二项研究在第一项研究的基础上进行了扩展，增加了一个Baxter机器人作为教练，并在具有严格指挥链文化的不同样本群体中重复了这些发现。两项研究的结果均表明，参与者会在长达11分钟的时间内遵守机器人的要求。与人类相比，遵守程度较低，并且实体化和拟人程度对遵守情况的影响较弱。
