Falcone Erin A, Schorr Gregory S, Watwood Stephanie L, DeRuiter Stacy L, Zerbini Alexandre N, Andrews Russel D, Morrissey Ronald P, Moretti David J
Marine Ecology and Telemetry Research, 2420 Nellita Rd NW, Seabeck, WA 98380, USA.
Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division, Code 74, Newport, RI 02840, USA.
R Soc Open Sci. 2017 Aug 30;4(8):170629. doi: 10.1098/rsos.170629. eCollection 2017 Aug.
Cuvier's beaked whales () have stranded in association with mid-frequency active sonar (MFAS) use, and though the causative mechanism linking these events remains unclear, it is believed to be behaviourally mediated. To determine whether MFAS use was associated with behavioural changes in this species, satellite tags were used to record the diving and movements of 16 Cuvier's beaked whales for up to 88 days in a region of frequent MFAS training off the coast of Southern California. Tag data were combined with summarized records of concurrent bouts of high-power, surface-ship and mid-power, helicopter-deployed MFAS use, along with other potential covariates, in generalized additive mixed-effects models. Deep dives, shallow dives and surface intervals tended to become longer during MFAS use, with some variation associated with the total amount of overlapping MFAS during the behaviour. These changes in dives and surface intervals contributed to a longer interval between deep dives, a proxy for foraging disruption in this species. Most responses intensified with proximity and were more pronounced during mid-power than high-power MFAS use at comparable distances within approximately 50 km, despite the significantly lower source level of mid-power MFAS. However, distance-mediated responses to high-power MFAS, and increased deep dive intervals during mid-power MFAS, were evident up to approximately 100 km away.
柯氏喙鲸（）在中频主动声纳（MFAS）使用期间出现搁浅情况，尽管将这些事件联系起来的致病机制仍不清楚，但人们认为这是由行为介导的。为了确定MFAS的使用是否与该物种的行为变化有关，研究人员使用卫星标签记录了16头柯氏喙鲸在南加州海岸附近频繁进行MFAS训练的区域内长达88天的潜水和活动情况。在广义相加混合效应模型中，将标签数据与高功率水面舰艇和中功率直升机部署的MFAS使用的并发时段的汇总记录以及其他潜在协变量相结合。在使用MFAS期间，深潜、浅潜和水面间隔往往会变长，行为期间与重叠MFAS的总量存在一些差异。潜水和水面间隔的这些变化导致深潜之间的间隔变长，这是该物种觅食中断的一个指标。大多数反应随着距离的接近而增强，并且在大约50公里范围内的可比距离处，中功率MFAS使用期间比高功率MFAS使用期间更明显，尽管中功率MFAS的源级明显较低。然而，在距离高达约100公里处，对高功率MFAS的距离介导反应以及中功率MFAS期间深潜间隔的增加都很明显。
