Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
Department of Genetics and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Diabetes Obes Metab. 2017 Sep;19 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):147-152. doi: 10.1111/dom.13019.
While the β-cells of the endocrine pancreas are defined as cells with high levels of insulin production and tight stimulus-secretion coupling, the existence of functional heterogeneity among them has been known for decades. Recent advances in molecular technologies, in particular single-cell profiling on both the protein and messenger RNA level, have uncovered that β-cells exist in several antigenically and molecularly definable states. Using antibodies to cell surface markers or multidimensional clustering of β-cells using more than 20 protein markers by mass cytometry, 4 distinct groups of β-cells could be differentiated. However, whether these states represent permanent cell lineages or are readily interconvertible from one group to another remains to be determined. Nevertheless, future analysis of the pathogenesis of type 1 and type 2 diabetes will certainly benefit from a growing appreciation of β-cell heterogeneity. Here, we aim to summarize concisely the recent advances in the field and their possible impact on our understanding of β-cell physiology and pathophysiology.
虽然内分泌胰腺的β细胞被定义为具有高水平胰岛素产生和紧密的刺激-分泌偶联的细胞，但几十年来，人们已经知道它们之间存在功能异质性。近年来，分子技术的进步，特别是在蛋白质和信使 RNA 水平上的单细胞分析，揭示了β细胞存在于几种抗原和分子上可定义的状态。使用针对细胞表面标志物的抗体或使用质谱细胞术对超过 20 种蛋白质标志物进行的β细胞多维聚类分析，可以区分出 4 种不同的β细胞群。然而，这些状态是否代表永久性细胞谱系，或者是否可以从一种状态轻易转换为另一种状态，仍有待确定。尽管如此，对 1 型和 2 型糖尿病发病机制的未来分析肯定会受益于对β细胞异质性的日益认识。在这里，我们旨在简要总结该领域的最新进展及其对我们理解β细胞生理学和病理生理学的可能影响。
