Lucchini Roberto, Placidi Donatella, Cagna Giuseppa, Fedrighi Chiara, Oppini Manuela, Peli Marco, Zoni Silvia
Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
Adv Neurobiol. 2017;18:13-34. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-60189-2_2.
Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal that plays a fundamental role for brain development and functioning. Environmental exposure to Mn may lead to accumulation in the basal ganglia and development of Parkinson-like disorders. The most recent research is focusing on early-life overexposure to Mn and the potential vulnerability of younger individuals to Mn toxicity also in regard to cognitive and executive functions through the involvement of the frontal cortex.Neurodevelopmental disturbances are increasing in the society, and understanding the potential role of environmental determinants is a key for prevention. Therefore, assessing the environmental sources of Mn exposure and the mechanisms of developmental neurotoxicity and defining appropriate biomarkers of exposure and early functional alterations represent key issues to improve and address preventive strategies. These themes will be reviewed in this chapter.
锰(Mn)是一种必需金属,对大脑发育和功能起着至关重要的作用。环境中接触锰可能导致其在基底神经节中蓄积,并引发帕金森样疾病。最新研究聚焦于生命早期锰的过度暴露,以及较年轻个体在认知和执行功能方面因额叶皮质受累而对锰毒性的潜在易感性。社会中神经发育障碍正在增加,了解环境决定因素的潜在作用是预防的关键。因此,评估锰暴露的环境来源、发育性神经毒性机制,以及确定合适的暴露生物标志物和早期功能改变,是改进和制定预防策略的关键问题。本章将对这些主题进行综述。