Kumar Gyanendra, Rehman Ferah, Chaturvedy Vivek
Research Associate, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Associate Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India.
Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2017 Apr-Jun;10(2):188-192. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1432. Epub 2017 Jun 1.
Soft tissue laser, such as diode and Nd:YAG lasers were initially used in soft tissue lesions because of its increased success rate. It was because of the fact that these lasers were well-absorbed by chromophores, such as hemoglobin and melanin which are found abundant in the oral mucosa. The introduction of erbium family in 1990 comprising the Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers made the hard tissue laser a boon for dentistry. Erbium, chromium-doped yttrium, scandium, gallium and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) was introduced in 1997 for the surgical needs of clinical dentistry in general practice. The erbium belongs to the rare earth which is embedded in a host crystal. The actual lasing process takes place in the Er ion Er. Two host crystals consisting of yttrium, aluminum, and garnet (YAO) and yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet (YScGaO) are added to the erbium. The interest to use these hard tissue laser in the treatment of soft tissue lesion was because of the properties of these lasers which are well-absorbed by chromophore water apart from hydroxy appetite crystals. Erbium laser energy is absorbed by collagen, hydroxyapatite, and water components. It allows the laser to cut soft tissue, tooth structure, and bone. In the noncontact mode, the incision is scalpel-like, with very little hemostasis. In contact mode, it performs soft tissue sculpting with adequate hemostasis. The Er,Cr:YSGG is the world's most advanced dental laser, which is ideal all-tissue laser because all dental tissues contain water, for the multidisciplinary dentist who performs a broad spectrum of procedures. It delivers the highest level of clinician control, operating efficiency, flexibility in tip, and accessory selection. For optimal clinical results and patient comfort in hard and soft tissue procedures, the erbium lasers have set a new standard of clinical performance. The present case series aims to highlight the various soft tissue applications of Er,Cr:YSGG (Waterlase Biolase®, Biolase, Inc, San Clemente, California, USA) in pediatric patients.
Kumar G, Rehman F, Chaturvedy V. Soft Tissue Applications of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser in Pediatric Dentistry. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):188-192.
软组织激光，如二极管激光和钕钇铝石榴石激光，因其成功率较高，最初被用于治疗软组织病变。这是因为这些激光能被发色团很好地吸收，如在口腔黏膜中大量存在的血红蛋白和黑色素。1990年铒激光家族的引入，包括掺铒钇铝石榴石激光（Er:YAG）和掺铒铬钇钪镓石榴石激光（Er,Cr:YSGG），使硬组织激光成为牙科领域的福音。1997年，掺铒铬钇钪镓石榴石（Er,Cr:YSGG）被引入，以满足普通临床牙科手术的需求。铒属于嵌入基质晶体的稀土元素。实际的激光发射过程发生在铒离子（Er）上。两种由钇铝石榴石（YAG）和钇钪镓石榴石（YScGaO）组成的基质晶体被添加到铒中。将这些硬组织激光用于治疗软组织病变，是因为这些激光除了能被羟基磷灰石晶体吸收外，还能被发色团水很好地吸收。铒激光能量被胶原蛋白、羟基磷灰石和水分成分吸收。它能使激光切割软组织、牙齿结构和骨骼。在非接触模式下，切口如手术刀切割般，几乎没有止血现象。在接触模式下，它能在充分止血的情况下进行软组织塑形。Er,Cr:YSGG是世界上最先进的牙科激光，对于执行广泛手术的多学科牙医来说，它是理想的全组织激光，因为所有牙科组织都含有水。它能提供最高水平的临床医生控制、操作效率、尖端灵活性和附件选择。为了在硬组织和软组织手术中获得最佳临床效果和患者舒适度，铒激光设定了新的临床性能标准。本病例系列旨在突出Er,Cr:YSGG（Waterlase Biolase®，Biolase公司，美国加利福尼亚州圣克莱门特）在儿科患者中的各种软组织应用。
Kumar G, Rehman F, Chaturvedy V. Er,Cr:YSGG激光在儿童牙科中的软组织应用。《国际临床儿科牙科杂志》2017年；10(2):188 - 192。
