Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beisanhuan East Road, Beijing 100029, China.
Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:3494289. doi: 10.1155/2017/3494289. Epub 2017 Aug 15.
Several pathologies such as neurodegeneration and cancer are associated with aging, which is affected by many genetic and environmental factors. Healthy aging conceives human longevity, possibly due to carrying the defensive genes. For instance, FOXO (forkhead box O) genes determine human longevity. FOXO transcription factors are involved in the regulation of longevity phenomenon via insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling. Only one FOXO gene (FOXO DAF-16) exists in invertebrates, while four FOXO genes, that is, FOXO1, FOXO3, FOXO4, and FOXO6 are found in mammals. These four transcription factors are involved in the multiple cellular pathways, which regulate growth, stress resistance, metabolism, cellular differentiation, and apoptosis in mammals. However, the accurate mode of longevity by FOXO factors is unclear until now. This article describes briefly the existing knowledge that is related to the role of FOXO factors in human longevity.
几种病理学，如神经退行性疾病和癌症，都与衰老有关，而衰老是由许多遗传和环境因素共同影响的。健康的衰老可以延长人类的寿命，这可能是因为携带了防御性基因。例如，FOXO（叉头框 O）基因决定了人类的长寿。FOXO 转录因子通过胰岛素和胰岛素样生长因子信号通路参与调节长寿现象。在无脊椎动物中只有一个 FOXO 基因（FOXO DAF-16），而在哺乳动物中则发现了四个 FOXO 基因，即 FOXO1、FOXO3、FOXO4 和 FOXO6。这些转录因子参与多种细胞途径，调节哺乳动物的生长、抗应激、代谢、细胞分化和细胞凋亡。然而，到目前为止，FOXO 因子通过何种确切方式来延长寿命还不清楚。本文简要描述了与 FOXO 因子在人类长寿中的作用相关的现有知识。
