Marotta C, Raia D D, Ventura G, Casuccio N, Dieli F, D'Angelo C, Restivo V, Costantino C, Vitale F, Casuccio A
Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care "G. D'Alessandro ", University of Palermo, Italy.
Public Health, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department, Local Health Unit of the Palermo Province, Palermo, Italy.
J Prev Med Hyg. 2017 Jun;58(2):E93-E98.
Vaccination coverages threaten to decrease because of false beliefs in their unsafety and inefficacy. Therefore formation of future health-care workers on this topic is fundamental to deal with any doubt and to promote active immunization among general population.
In order to assess health-care students' knowledge about vaccination before an integrated seminar on this topic, and to evaluate their improvement after the educational intervention, an integrated educational intervention was held by a multidisciplinary team. Before and after the seminar, 118 students of medicine and biology schools at Palermo University were asked to answer 10 multiple-choice questions regarding vaccine history, mechanism of action, side effects, composition, use and nowadays issues (hesitancy). Two more questions investigating possible changes on students' attitudes towards vaccination and the usefulness of the formative intervention, were added at the post-test phase of the survey.
Eighty-one out of 118 students (68.6%) answered to both pre- and post-test questions. 97.6% and 81.5% of the participating group also completed the two additional questions about their improvement in knowledge (question 11) and attitudes (question 12) towards vaccinations. The post-test results showed a significant improvement for all questions administered, except for number 3 (about a specific immunological content), with an overall percentage of correct answers increasing from 38.8% to 77.6% (p©< 0.001).
The present explorative study put the basis for future studies, stronger in the methodology, and highlights the importance of educating health-care professions students by integrated extra-curricular intervention to be held early in their degree curricula and in order to improve knowledge and attitudes towards vaccinations and to prepare them to promote vaccines among the general population.
由于对疫苗安全性和有效性存在错误认知，疫苗接种覆盖率可能会下降。因此，对未来医护人员进行这方面的培训对于消除疑虑、促进普通人群的主动免疫至关重要。
为了评估医护专业学生在关于疫苗接种的综合研讨会前对疫苗的了解情况，并评估教育干预后他们的知识提升，一个多学科团队开展了一项综合教育干预。在研讨会前后，巴勒莫大学医学院和生物学院的118名学生被要求回答10道关于疫苗历史、作用机制、副作用、成分、用途及当前问题（犹豫态度）的多项选择题。在调查的测试后阶段，又增加了两道题，分别调查学生对疫苗接种态度的可能变化以及形成性干预的有用性。
118名学生中有81名（68.6%）回答了测试前和测试后的问题。参与组中97.6%和81.5%的学生还完成了另外两道关于他们在疫苗接种知识（第11题）和态度（第12题）方面提升的问题。测试后结果显示，除第3题（关于特定免疫学内容）外，所有问题的回答都有显著改善，正确答案的总体百分比从38.8%提高到77.6%（p<0.001）。
本探索性研究为未来方法更完善的研究奠定了基础，并强调了通过在学位课程早期开展综合课外干预来教育医护专业学生的重要性，以提高他们对疫苗接种的知识和态度，并使他们做好在普通人群中推广疫苗的准备。
