Hoff Timothy, Carabetta Shannon, Collinson Grace E
1 Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
Med Care Res Rev. 2019 Feb;76(1):3-31. doi: 10.1177/1077558717730157. Epub 2017 Sep 13.
Examining the work-related psychological states of nurse practitioners and physician assistants is important, given their increased role expansion. The current PRISMA-guided review examined studies published between 2000 and 2016 for both these groups. The review also examined features of the research to draw conclusions about overall quality. Applying theories in job enrichment and job demands, 32 articles were identified that contained analyses of satisfaction, burnout, stress, and turnover. Key findings include the lack of robust research designs, overemphasis on job satisfaction, lower levels of satisfaction across both groups, and higher intrinsic versus extrinsic satisfaction levels generally. The literature can develop by using larger, more representative samples, including subgroup analyses that incorporate everyday work contexts, and more predictive modeling. The results suggest that both occupations experience role expansion in both positive and negative ways that may require additional policy or managerial interventions.
鉴于执业护士和医师助理的角色不断扩大，研究他们与工作相关的心理状态非常重要。当前这项遵循PRISMA指南的综述研究了2000年至2016年间发表的针对这两个群体的研究。该综述还考察了研究的特征，以便就整体质量得出结论。运用工作丰富化和工作需求理论，共识别出32篇包含对满意度、倦怠、压力和离职率分析的文章。主要发现包括缺乏稳健的研究设计、对工作满意度的过度强调、两个群体的满意度水平较低，以及总体上内在满意度高于外在满意度。通过使用更大、更具代表性的样本，包括纳入日常工作情境的亚组分析以及更多的预测模型，该文献可以得到进一步发展。结果表明，这两个职业在角色扩展方面都经历了积极和消极的方面，这可能需要额外的政策或管理干预。
