Wilkinson Dean J, Caulfield Laura S
Department of Psychology, University of Worcester, Worcester, United Kingdom.
Bath Spa University, Bath, United Kingdom.
Eur J Psychol. 2017 Aug 31;13(3):503-518. doi: 10.5964/ejop.v13i3.1181. eCollection 2017 Aug.
Probabilistic reasoning biases have been widely associated with levels of delusional belief ideation (Galbraith, Manktelow, & Morris, 2010; Lincoln, Ziegler, Mehl, & Rief, 2010; Speechley, Whitman, & Woodward, 2010; White & Mansell, 2009), however, little research has focused on biases occurring during every day reasoning (Galbraith, Manktelow, & Morris, 2011), and moral and crime based reasoning (Wilkinson, Caulfield, & Jones, 2014; Wilkinson, Jones, & Caulfield, 2011). 235 participants were recruited across four experiments exploring crime based reasoning through different modalities and dual processing tasks. Study one explored delusional ideation when completing a visually presented crime based reasoning task. Study two explored the same task in an auditory presentation. Study three utilised a dual task paradigm to explore modality and executive functioning. Study four extended this paradigm to the auditory modality. The results indicated that modality and delusional ideation have a significant effect on individuals reasoning about violent and non-violent crime (p < .05), which could have implication for the presentation of evidence in applied setting such as the courtroom.
概率推理偏差已被广泛认为与妄想信念思维水平相关（加尔布雷斯、曼克特洛和莫里斯，2010年；林肯、齐格勒、梅尔和里夫，2010年；斯皮奇利、惠特曼和伍德沃德，2010年；怀特和曼塞尔，2009年），然而，很少有研究关注日常推理过程中出现的偏差（加尔布雷斯、曼克特洛和莫里斯，2011年），以及基于道德和犯罪的推理（威尔金森、考尔菲尔德和琼斯，2014年；威尔金森、琼斯和考尔菲尔德，2011年）。通过四项实验招募了235名参与者，这些实验通过不同的方式和双重加工任务来探索基于犯罪案件的推理。研究一在完成一个视觉呈现的基于犯罪案件的推理任务时，探究妄想思维。研究二在听觉呈现中探究同样的任务。研究三采用双重任务范式来探究方式和执行功能。研究四将此范式扩展到听觉方式。结果表明方式和妄想思维对个体关于暴力和非暴力犯罪的推理有显著影响（p < 0.05），这可能对在诸如法庭等应用场景中的证据呈现产生影响。
