Cárdenas Liliana, Melo Oscar, Casal Jordi
Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Statistics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2018 Jan;50(1):19-27. doi: 10.1007/s11250-017-1395-4. Epub 2017 Sep 13.
Bovine brucellosis is endemic in Colombia, and is a mandatory notifiable disease, subjected to a control program based on four surveillance procedures: passive surveillance, test-and-remove, certification of disease-free farms, and animal movements. The objective of this study is to estimate the evolution of bovine brucellosis in Colombia over a 7-year period (2006-2012) using data from the official control program. A total of 58 epidemiologic variables were analyzed for each year at the department level. Univariate descriptive analysis and principal components analysis (PCA) were performed to ascertain the behavior of the variables. These programs covered 3% of the census in 2006, increasing to 15% in 2012. The percentage of positive farms averaged 22% in 2006 and 23% in 2012. The highest proportion of positive farms was in the Orinoquía region (24.6 to 49.6%); the lowest was in the Amazon region, (17.9 to 32.7%). The percentage of positive animals presented certain differences between years but without any clear trend (4.7% in 2006 and 4.6% in 2012), indicating that the brucellosis control program had a low impact in Colombia in these years. The results for each surveillance procedure were 6.8% for passive surveillance, 5.9% for test-and-remove, and 4.4% both in disease-free farms and in animal movement tests. The results obtained by PCA led to finding three different clusters: geographic areas with low bovine production and low bovine brucellosis surveillance, areas with medium bovine production and medium surveillance for bovine brucellosis, and areas with a predominant bovine production, applying sanitary measures to control bovine brucellosis.
牛布鲁氏菌病在哥伦比亚呈地方流行，是一种法定报告传染病，需依据四项监测程序实施控制计划：被动监测、检测与扑杀、无病农场认证以及动物流动监测。本研究的目的是利用官方控制计划的数据，估算哥伦比亚在7年期间（2006 - 2012年）牛布鲁氏菌病的发展情况。每年在部门层面分析总共58个流行病学变量。进行单变量描述性分析和主成分分析（PCA）以确定变量的行为。这些计划在2006年覆盖了3%的普查量，到2012年增至15%。阳性农场的比例在2006年平均为22%，在2012年为23%。阳性农场比例最高的是奥里诺科亚地区（24.6%至49.6%）；最低的是亚马逊地区（17.9%至32.7%）。阳性动物的比例在不同年份存在一定差异，但无明显趋势（2006年为4.7%，2012年为4.6%），这表明这些年布鲁氏菌病控制计划在哥伦比亚的影响较小。各项监测程序的结果分别为：被动监测6.8%，检测与扑杀5.9%，无病农场和动物流动检测均为4.4%。主成分分析的结果发现了三个不同的类别：牛产量低且牛布鲁氏菌病监测水平低的地理区域、牛产量中等且牛布鲁氏菌病监测中等的区域，以及以牛生产为主导、采取卫生措施控制牛布鲁氏菌病的区域。
