Lindahl-Rajala Elisabeth, Hoffman Tove, Fretin David, Godfroid Jacques, Sattorov Nosirjon, Boqvist Sofia, Lundkvist Åke, Magnusson Ulf
Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Reproduction, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center and Department of Medical Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017 Mar 15;11(3):e0005367. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005367. eCollection 2017 Mar.
Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonoses globally, and Central Asia remains a Brucella hotspot. The World Health Organization classifies brucellosis as a neglected zoonotic disease that is rarely in the spotlight for research and mainly affects poor, marginalized people. Urban and peri-urban farming is a common practice in many low-income countries, and it increases the incomes of families that are often restrained by limited economic resources. However, there is a concern that the growing number of people and livestock living close together in these areas will increase the transmission of zoonotic pathogens such as Brucella. This study investigates the presence of Brucella DNA in bovine milk in the urban and peri-urban area of Dushanbe, Tajikistan. Brucella DNA was detected in 10.3% of 564 cow milk samples by IS711-based real-time PCR. This finding is concerning because consumption of unpasteurized dairy products is common in the region. Furthermore, Brucella DNA was detected in the milk of all seropositive cows, but 8.3% of the seronegative cows also showed the presence of Brucella DNA. In addition, sequence analysis of the rpoB gene suggests that one cow was infected with B. abortus and another cow was most likely infected with B. melitensis. The discrepancies between the serology and real-time PCR results highlight the need to further investigate whether there is a need for implementing complementary diagnostic strategies to detect false serological negative individuals in Brucella surveillance, control, and eradication programmes. Furthermore, vaccination of cattle with S19 in addition to vaccination of small ruminants with Rev 1 might be needed in order to control Brucella infections in the livestock population but further research focusing on the isolation of Brucella is required to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the Brucella spp. circulating among the livestock in this region.
布鲁氏菌病是全球最常见的人畜共患病之一，中亚地区仍是布鲁氏菌病的高发区。世界卫生组织将布鲁氏菌病列为一种被忽视的人畜共患病，很少成为研究的焦点，主要影响贫困和边缘化人群。城市和城郊养殖在许多低收入国家很常见，它增加了那些经常受到经济资源限制的家庭的收入。然而，人们担心在这些地区，人与牲畜越来越近距离地生活在一起会增加布鲁氏菌等人畜共患病原体的传播。本研究调查了塔吉克斯坦杜尚别市城市和城郊地区牛奶中布鲁氏菌DNA的存在情况。通过基于IS711的实时荧光定量PCR在564份牛奶样本中的10.3%检测到了布鲁氏菌DNA。这一发现令人担忧，因为该地区食用未经过巴氏消毒的乳制品很普遍。此外，在所有血清学阳性奶牛的牛奶中都检测到了布鲁氏菌DNA，但8.3%的血清学阴性奶牛的牛奶中也检测到了布鲁氏菌DNA。此外，rpoB基因的序列分析表明，一头奶牛感染了流产布鲁氏菌，另一头奶牛很可能感染了马尔他布鲁氏菌。血清学和实时荧光定量PCR结果之间的差异凸显了有必要进一步调查是否需要实施补充诊断策略，以在布鲁氏菌监测、控制和根除计划中检测出血清学假阴性个体。此外，为了控制牲畜群体中的布鲁氏菌感染，可能需要对牛接种S19疫苗，同时对小反刍动物接种Rev 1疫苗，但需要进一步开展侧重于布鲁氏菌分离的研究，以全面了解该地区牲畜中传播的布鲁氏菌种类。
