Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017 Nov;24(31):24634-24643. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-0136-6. Epub 2017 Sep 14.
Wheat productivity and profitability is low under conventional tillage systems as they increase the production cost, soil compaction, and the weed infestation. Conservation tillage could be a pragmatic option to sustain the wheat productivity and enhance the profitability on long term basis. This study was aimed to evaluate the economics of different wheat-based cropping systems viz. fallow-wheat, rice-wheat, cotton-wheat, mung bean-wheat, and sorghum-wheat, with zero tillage, conventional tillage, deep tillage, bed sowing (60/30 cm beds and four rows), and bed sowing (90/45 cm beds and six rows). Results indicated that the bed sown wheat had the maximum production cost than other tillage systems. Although both bed sowing treatments incurred the highest production cost, they generated the highest net benefits and benefit: cost ratio (BCR). Rice-wheat cropping system with bed sown wheat (90/45 cm beds with six rows) had the highest net income (4129.7 US$ ha), BCR (2.87), and marginal rate of return compared with rest of the cropping systems. In contrast, fallow-wheat cropping system incurred the lowest input cost, but had the least economic return. In crux, rice-wheat cropping system with bed sown wheat (90/45 cm beds with six rows) was the best option for getting the higher economic returns. Moreover, double cropping systems within a year are more profitable than sole planting of wheat under all tillage practices.
传统耕作系统下，小麦的生产力和盈利能力较低，因为它们会增加生产成本、导致土壤紧实和杂草滋生。保护性耕作可能是一种切实可行的选择，可以维持小麦的生产力，并在长期内提高盈利能力。本研究旨在评估不同小麦种植系统的经济学，包括休耕-小麦、水稻-小麦、棉花-小麦、绿豆-小麦和高粱-小麦，以及免耕、常规耕作、深耕、垄作（60/30 厘米垄和四行）和垄作（90/45 厘米垄和六行）。结果表明，垄作小麦的生产成本高于其他耕作系统。尽管两种垄作处理的生产成本最高，但它们产生的净效益和效益成本比（BCR）最高。与其他种植系统相比，采用垄作小麦（90/45 厘米垄六行）的水稻-小麦种植系统的净收入（4129.7 美元/公顷）、BCR（2.87）和边际收益率最高。相比之下，休耕-小麦种植系统的投入成本最低，但经济回报最低。总之，采用垄作小麦（90/45 厘米垄六行）的水稻-小麦种植系统是获得更高经济回报的最佳选择。此外，在所有耕作实践下，一年内的复种系统比单独种植小麦更有利可图。
