Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Plant Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, Pretoria, South Africa.
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa; Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke East, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada.
Trends Ecol Evol. 2017 Nov;32(11):845-860. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2017.08.013. Epub 2017 Sep 14.
A key step in understanding the distribution of biodiversity is the grouping of regions based on their shared elements. Historically, regionalization schemes have been largely species centric. Recently, there has been interest in incorporating phylogenetic information into regionalization schemes. Phylogenetic regionalization can provide novel insights into the mechanisms that generate, distribute, and maintain biodiversity. We argue that four processes (dispersal limitation, extinction, speciation, and niche conservatism) underlie the formation of species assemblages into phylogenetically distinct biogeographic units. We outline how it can be possible to distinguish among these processes, and identify centers of evolutionary radiation, museums of diversity, and extinction hotspots. We suggest that phylogenetic regionalization provides a rigorous and objective classification of regional diversity and enhances our knowledge of biodiversity patterns.
理解生物多样性分布的一个关键步骤是根据它们的共享元素对区域进行分组。历史上，区域化方案主要以物种为中心。最近，人们对将系统发育信息纳入区域化方案产生了兴趣。系统发育区域化可以为产生、分布和维持生物多样性的机制提供新的见解。我们认为，有四个过程（扩散限制、灭绝、物种形成和生态位保守性）导致物种组合形成具有系统发育差异的生物地理单元。我们概述了如何区分这些过程，并确定进化辐射中心、多样性博物馆和灭绝热点。我们认为，系统发育区域化提供了对区域多样性的严格和客观的分类，并增强了我们对生物多样性模式的认识。
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