Arango Axel, Pinto-Ledezma Jesús, Rojas-Soto Octavio, Villalobos Fabricio
Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany.
Red de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz CP 91073, Mexico.
Proc Biol Sci. 2025 Jan;292(2039):20241965. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2024.1965. Epub 2025 Jan 22.
The movement of species to new geographical areas has been proposed to be crucial for speciation. As such, dispersal has been regarded as a likely explanation for the variation in species richness among clades. The Emberizoidea are a highly diverse Oscine bird clade native to the New World that has been characterized for their ubiquitous distribution both ecologically and geographically, making this group ideal to test how biogeographical dispersal could promote speciation. To do so, we relate dispersal rates with speciation rates of Emberizoidea families using a combination of bioregionalization analysis, ancestral area reconstruction and speciation rate estimation methods. We found that the Emberizoidea superfamily likely arose from a widespread ancestor distributed over the New World, with its range evolution being primarily driven by range contraction and the main cladogenetic events for the clade occurring within bioregions. Moreover, we demonstrate that dispersal rates between bioregions showed no relationship with speciation rates, suggesting that the movement to new geographical spaces is not a driver of speciation in this group. Instead, cladogenetic events within individual bioregions promoted by range stability prove to be an important driver for speciation at broad spatial scales for Emberizoidea families.
物种向新地理区域的迁移被认为对物种形成至关重要。因此，扩散被视为不同进化枝间物种丰富度差异的一种可能解释。雀形亚目是一类高度多样化的鸣禽进化枝，原产于新大陆，其生态和地理分布广泛，这使得该群体成为测试生物地理扩散如何促进物种形成的理想对象。为此，我们结合生物区域化分析、祖先区域重建和物种形成速率估计方法，将雀形亚目各科的扩散速率与物种形成速率联系起来。我们发现，雀形亚目总科可能起源于分布在新大陆的一个广泛分布的祖先，其分布范围的演变主要由范围收缩驱动，该进化枝的主要分支发生事件发生在生物区域内。此外，我们证明生物区域之间的扩散速率与物种形成速率没有关系，这表明向新地理空间的迁移不是该群体物种形成的驱动因素。相反，范围稳定性促进的单个生物区域内的分支发生事件被证明是雀形亚目各科在广泛空间尺度上物种形成的重要驱动因素。
