Bøe Tormod, Skogen Jens Christoffer, Sivertsen Børge, Hysing Mari, Petrie Keith J, Dearing Eric, Zachrisson Henrik Daae
Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Uni Research Health, Bergen, Norway.
Alcohol and Drug Research Western Norway, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
BMJ Open. 2017 Sep 18;7(9):e017030. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017030.
The aim of the current paper was to investigate the association between the patterns of duration, timing and sequencing of exposure to low family income during childhood, and symptoms of mental health problems in adolescence.
Survey administered to a large population-based sample of Norwegian adolescents.
Survey data from 9154 participants of 16-19 years age (53% participation rate; 52.7% girls) were linked to registry-based information about childhood family income from tax return data.
Mental health outcomes were symptoms of emotional, conduct, hyperactivity, peer problems and general mental health problems measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, symptoms of depression measured with Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire and symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) measured with the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale.
Latent class analysis and the BCH approach in Mplus were used to examine associations between patterns of poverty exposure and mental health outcomes. Four latent classes of poverty exposure emerged from the analysis. Participants moving into poverty (2.3%), out of poverty (3.5%) or those chronically poor (3.1%) had more symptoms of mental health problems (Cohen's =16-.50) than those with no poverty exposure (91.1%). This pattern was, however, not found for symptoms of ADHD. The pattern of results was confirmed in robustness checks using observed data.
Exposure to poverty in childhood was found to be associated with most mental health problems in adolescence. There was no strong suggestion of any timing or sequencing effects in the patterns of associations.
本文旨在研究童年时期家庭收入低的暴露时长、时机和顺序模式与青少年心理健康问题症状之间的关联。
对挪威大量青少年进行的基于人群的调查。
来自9154名16 - 19岁参与者的调查数据（参与率为53%；女孩占52.7%）与基于税务申报数据的童年家庭收入登记信息相关联。
心理健康指标包括用优势与困难问卷测量的情绪、行为、多动、同伴问题和一般心理健康问题的症状，用简短情绪与情感问卷测量的抑郁症状，以及用成人注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）自评量表测量的ADHD症状。
使用Mplus中的潜在类别分析和BCH方法来检验贫困暴露模式与心理健康指标之间的关联。分析得出了四类贫困暴露潜在类别。与未经历贫困的参与者（91.1%）相比，陷入贫困（2.3%）、摆脱贫困（3.5%）或长期贫困（3.1%）的参与者有更多心理健康问题症状（科恩系数 = 0.16 - 0.50）。然而，ADHD症状未呈现此模式。使用观察数据进行的稳健性检验证实了这一结果模式。
童年时期经历贫困与青少年的大多数心理健康问题相关。在关联模式中未发现明显的时机或顺序效应。
