John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom; email:
Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
Annu Rev Genet. 2017 Nov 27;51:435-454. doi: 10.1146/annurev-genet-120116-024533. Epub 2017 Sep 20.
Induced mutations have been used to generate novel variation for breeding purposes since the early 1900s. However, the combination of this old technology with the new capabilities of high-throughput sequencing has resulted in powerful reverse genetic approaches in polyploid crops. Sequencing genomes or exomes of large mutant populations can generate extensive databases of mutations for most genes. These mutant collections, together with genome editing, are being used in polyploid species to combine mutations in all copies of a gene (homoeologs), and to expose phenotypic variation that was previously hidden by functional redundancy among homoeologs. This redundancy is more extensive in recently formed polyploids such as wheat, which can now benefit from the deployment of useful recessive mutations previously identified in its diploid relatives. Sequenced mutant populations and genome editing have changed the paradigm of what is possible in functional genetic analysis of wheat.
自 20 世纪初以来，人们一直利用诱导突变来产生新的变异，以用于育种。然而，这项古老的技术与高通量测序的新功能相结合，为多倍体作物带来了强大的反向遗传学方法。对大型突变体群体的基因组或外显子组进行测序，可以为大多数基因生成广泛的突变数据库。这些突变体群体与基因组编辑一起，正在多倍体物种中用于组合一个基因的所有拷贝中的突变（同源基因），并揭示以前由于同源基因之间的功能冗余而隐藏的表型变异。这种冗余在最近形成的多倍体中更为广泛，例如小麦，它现在可以从以前在其二倍体亲缘种中鉴定出的有用隐性突变中受益。测序的突变体群体和基因组编辑改变了小麦功能遗传分析中可能的范例。
