Uauy Cristobal
John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2017 Apr;36:142-148. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.01.007. Epub 2017 Mar 24.
Advances in wheat genomics have lagged behind other major cereals (e.g., rice and maize) due to its highly repetitive and large polyploid genome. Recent technological developments in sequencing and assembly methods, however, have largely overcome these barriers. The community now moves to an era centred on functional characterisation of the genome. This includes understanding sequence and structural variation as well as how information is integrated across multiple homoeologous genomes. This understanding promises to uncover variation previously hidden from natural and human selection due to the often observed functional redundancy between homoeologs. Key functional genomic resources will enable this, including sequenced mutant populations and gene editing technologies which are now available in wheat. Training the next-generation of genomics-enabled researchers will be essential to ensure these advances are quickly translated into farmers' fields.
由于小麦基因组具有高度重复性和庞大的多倍体基因组，其基因组学进展落后于其他主要谷物（如水稻和玉米）。然而，测序和组装方法方面的最新技术发展已在很大程度上克服了这些障碍。该领域目前正步入一个以基因组功能表征为核心的时代。这包括了解序列和结构变异，以及信息如何在多个同源基因组之间整合。这种理解有望揭示由于同源基因之间常见的功能冗余而先前未被自然选择和人工选择发现的变异。关键的功能基因组资源将助力于此，包括现已在小麦中可用的测序突变群体和基因编辑技术。培养下一代具备基因组学能力的研究人员对于确保这些进展迅速应用于农田至关重要。
