Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, 190025 Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Division of Veterinary Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P. - 243122, India.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Nov;95:1301-1313. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.041. Epub 2017 Oct 6.
Pedicularis plants (Orobanchaceae), popularly known as lousewort, are found in Asia, Europe, and North America, and have been used in Sowa-Rigpa, the Himalayan art of healing and a traditional system of medicine for treating various ailments in humans. A comprehensive compilation on this valuable medicinal plant is not available, however. The present extensive review provides insight into the salient medicinal properties of Pedicularis plants with respect to various health issues and diseases. Our previous studies on Pedicularis plants from the Changthang region of Ladakh (India) and research advances leading to new developments in this field have prompted this review. The information presented here has been compiled and analyzed from authenticated published resources available on Medline, Pubmed, Pubmed Central, Science Direct, and other scientific databases. The Pedicularis genus consists of approximately 600 species (83 of which are found in India), with commonly reported species being Pedicularis longiflora Rudolph, P. bicornuta Klotzsch, P. oederi Vahl, P. cheilanthifolia, and P. pectinata. The major phytoconstituents of the Pedicularis sp. are phenols, phenylethanoids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, iridoids, lignans, and alkaloids, among others. The existing literature highlights that these compounds possess antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antifungal, analgesic, antitumor, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, muscle-relaxing, antifatigue, diuretic, antipyretic, antithrombus, antihemolysis, and DNA-repairing properties. This medicinal herb is used in the treatment of leucorrhoea, fevers, sterility, rheumatism, general debility, collapse, and urinary problems, and for revitalizing the blood circulation, improving digestion, and maintaining vitality. This review emphasizes the various medicinal aspects of Pedicularis sp. plants containing a variety of phytoconstituents. Besides phenols, terpenoids, flavonoids, lignans, tannins, iridoid, and phenylpropanoid glycosides are among the active constituents responsible for multiple health effects. However, further extensive research is required to characterize the various phytoconstituents of Pedicularis to explore their modes of action at a molecular level and identify other beneficial applications that can exploit the tremendous medicinal potential of this important herb.
列当科植物（列当科），俗称马先蒿，分布于亚洲、欧洲和北美洲，被用于藏医药学，这是一种治疗人类各种疾病的喜马拉雅传统医学体系。然而，目前并没有对这种有价值的药用植物进行全面的编译。本综述广泛介绍了列当属植物在各种健康问题和疾病方面的显著药用特性。促使我们进行这项综述的原因是我们之前对来自拉达克昌都地区的列当属植物的研究，以及该领域的新发展。这里呈现的信息是从 Medline、Pubmed、Pubmed Central、Science Direct 和其他科学数据库中已认证的已发表资源中收集和分析得出的。列当属植物约有 600 种（其中 83 种分布在印度），常见的有长序马先蒿、二歧马先蒿、高山马先蒿、宽叶马先蒿和多茎马先蒿。列当属植物的主要植物化学成分有酚类、苯乙醇类、苯丙素类、黄酮类、环烯醚萜类、木脂素类和生物碱类等。现有文献强调，这些化合物具有抗氧化、免疫调节、抗炎、抗糖尿病、抗菌、抗真菌、镇痛、抗肿瘤、保肝、神经保护、肌肉松弛、抗疲劳、利尿、退热、抗血栓、抗溶血和 DNA 修复作用。这种药用草本植物用于治疗白带、发热、不育、风湿、身体虚弱、衰竭、尿失禁，以及促进血液循环、改善消化和保持活力。本综述强调了含有多种植物化学成分的列当属植物的各种药用方面。除了酚类、萜类、黄酮类、木脂素类、单宁类、环烯醚萜苷和苯丙素糖苷外，还有其他一些活性成分也对多种健康效应负责。然而，还需要进一步广泛的研究来表征列当属植物的各种植物化学成分，以探索它们在分子水平上的作用模式，并确定其他有益的应用，以利用这种重要草药的巨大药用潜力。
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