Robbins S E, Hanna A M, Gouw G J
Department of Civil Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1988 Feb;20(1):85-92. doi: 10.1249/00005768-198802000-00013.
Current footwear which are designed for use in running are examples of intentional biomechanical model integration into device design. The inadequacy of this footwear in protecting against injury is postulated to be due to fixation on inadequate models of locomotory biomechanics that do not provide for feedback control; in particular, an hypothesized plantar surface sensory-mediated feedback control system, which imparts overload protection during locomotion. A heuristic approach was used to identify the hypothesized system. A random series of loads (0 to 164 kg) was applied to the knee flexed at 90 degrees. In this testing system, plantar surface avoidance behavior was the difference between the sum of the leg weight and the load applied to the knee, and the load measured at the plantar surface; this was produced by activation of hip flexors. Significant avoidance behavior was found in all of the subjects (P less than 0.001). On all surfaces tested, including modern athletic footwear (P less than 0.001), its magnitude increased directly in relation to the load applied to the knee (P less than 0.001). There were significant differences in avoidance behavior in relation to the weight-bearing surfaces tested (P less than 0.05). With the identification of a feedback control system which would serve to moderate loading during locomotion, an explanation is provided as to why current athletic footwear do not protect and may be injurious; thus allowing the design of footwear which may be truly protective.
当前设计用于跑步的鞋类就是将生物力学模型有意整合到设备设计中的实例。据推测，这种鞋类在预防损伤方面的不足是由于其基于不充分的运动生物力学模型，这些模型没有提供反馈控制；特别是一种假设的足底表面感觉介导的反馈控制系统，该系统在运动过程中提供过载保护。采用启发式方法来识别该假设系统。对屈曲90度的膝关节施加一系列随机载荷（0至164千克）。在这个测试系统中，足底表面回避行为是腿部重量与施加在膝关节上的载荷之和与在足底表面测量的载荷之间的差值；这是由髋部屈肌的激活产生的。在所有受试者中均发现了显著的回避行为（P小于0.001）。在所有测试表面上，包括现代运动鞋（P小于0.001），其大小与施加在膝关节上的载荷直接相关（P小于0.001）。在与测试的负重表面相关的回避行为方面存在显著差异（P小于0.05）。随着识别出一个在运动过程中用于调节负荷的反馈控制系统，就解释了为什么当前的运动鞋不能起到保护作用且可能会造成伤害；从而使得设计出真正具有保护作用的鞋类成为可能。
