Ramalho Carlos Eduardo, Bretas Pedro Messeder Caldeira, Schvartsman Claudio, Reis Amélia Gorete
Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Instituto da Criança, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatria, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Pediatria, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
J Pediatr (Rio J). 2017 Nov-Dec;93 Suppl 1:2-18. doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2017.07.009. Epub 2017 Sep 23.
Children and adolescents often require sedation and analgesia in emergency situations. With the emergence of new therapeutic options, the obsolescence of others, and recent discoveries regarding already known drugs, it became necessary to review the literature in this area.
Non-systematic review in the PubMed database of studies published up to December 2016, including original articles, review articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. References from textbooks, publications from regulatory agencies, and articles cited in reviews and meta-analyses through active search were also included.
Based on current literature, the concepts of sedation and analgesia, the necessary care with the patient before, during, and after sedoanalgesia, and indications related to the appropriate choice of drugs according to the procedure to be performed and their safety profiles are presented.
The use of sedoanalgesia protocols in procedures in the pediatric emergency room should guide the professional in the choice of medication, the appropriate material, and in the evaluation of discharge criteria, thus assuring quality in care.
儿童和青少年在紧急情况下常常需要镇静和镇痛。随着新治疗方案的出现、其他方案的过时以及有关已知药物的最新发现，有必要对该领域的文献进行综述。
对截至2016年12月发表在PubMed数据库中的研究进行非系统性综述，包括原创文章、综述文章、系统性综述和荟萃分析。还纳入了教科书参考文献、监管机构的出版物以及通过主动检索在综述和荟萃分析中引用的文章。
基于当前文献，阐述了镇静和镇痛的概念、在镇静镇痛前、期间和之后对患者的必要护理，以及根据拟进行的操作及其安全性概况选择合适药物的相关指征。
在儿科急诊室的操作中使用镇静镇痛方案应指导专业人员选择药物、合适的材料以及评估出院标准，从而确保护理质量。
