Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico, D.F., 14269, Mexico.
Unidad Periférica para el Estudio de Neuroinflamación en Patologías Neurológicas del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico, D.F., 14269, Mexico.
Sci Rep. 2017 Sep 27;7(1):12345. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12202-z.
Taeniids exhibit a great adaptive plasticity, which facilitates their establishment, growth, and reproduction in a hostile inflammatory microenvironment. Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGFβ), a highly pleiotropic cytokine, plays a critical role in vertebrate morphogenesis, cell differentiation, reproduction, and immune suppression. TGFβ is secreted by host cells in sites lodging parasites. The role of TGFβ in the outcome of T. solium and T. crassiceps cysticercosis is herein explored. Homologues of the TGFβ family receptors (TsRI and TsRII) and several members of the TGFβ downstream signal transduction pathway were found in T. solium genome, and the expression of Type-I and -II TGFβ receptors was confirmed by RT-PCR. Antibodies against TGFβ family receptors recognized cysticercal proteins of the expected molecular weight as determined by Western blot, and different structures in the parasite external tegument. In vitro, TGFβ promoted the growth and reproduction of T. crassiceps cysticerci and the survival of T. solium cysticerci. High TGFβ levels were found in cerebrospinal fluid from untreated neurocysticercotic patients who eventually failed to respond to the treatment (P = 0.03) pointing to the involvement of TGFβ in parasite survival. These results indicate the relevance of TGFβ in the infection outcome by promoting cysticercus growth and treatment resistance.
带绦虫表现出很强的适应性可塑性，这有助于它们在宿主的炎症微环境中建立、生长和繁殖。转化生长因子-β（TGFβ）是一种高度多功能的细胞因子，在脊椎动物形态发生、细胞分化、生殖和免疫抑制中发挥关键作用。TGFβ由宿主细胞在寄生虫寄居部位分泌。本文探讨了 TGFβ 在猪带绦虫和囊尾蚴囊虫病中的作用。在猪带绦虫基因组中发现了 TGFβ 家族受体（TsRI 和 TsRII）和 TGFβ 下游信号转导途径的几个成员的同源物，并且通过 RT-PCR 证实了 I 型和 II 型 TGFβ 受体的表达。针对 TGFβ 家族受体的抗体通过 Western blot 识别预期分子量的囊尾蚴蛋白，并在寄生虫外部被膜的不同结构中识别。在体外，TGFβ 促进了猪带绦虫囊尾蚴的生长和繁殖，以及猪带绦虫囊尾蚴的存活。在未经治疗的神经囊尾蚴病患者的脑脊液中发现 TGFβ 水平较高，这些患者最终对治疗没有反应（P = 0.03），这表明 TGFβ 参与了寄生虫的存活。这些结果表明，TGFβ 通过促进囊尾蚴的生长和治疗耐药性，在感染结果中具有相关性。
