Chan Y C, Wong T W, Yap E H
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore.
Ann Acad Med Singap. 1987 Oct;16(4):696-701.
Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is caused by a group of RNA viruses within the family of Bunyaviridae known as hantaviruses. The classical, severe form of HFRS is characterized by fever, headache, abdominal and lumbar pain, proteinuria, haemorrhagic phenomena, shock and renal failure. The disease is associated with the prototype Hantaan virus and occurs in rural areas of Korea and China with Apodemus mice as reservoir hosts. A clinically less severe form of HFRS, which is caused by Seoul virus, occurs in urban areas with the house rat Rattus novegicus as the main reservoir host. The disease in nonendemic areas may be atypical and patients with symptoms the hepatitis and minimal renal involvement have been observed in Malaysia. Outbreaks of HFRS in humans involving infected laboratory rat colonies have occurred in several medical centres in various countries. Hantaviruses cause a chronic, asymptomatic infection in rodents which excrete the virus in their lungs, saliva and urine. Man becomes infected mainly by inhalation of infected droplets from healthy rodent carriers. Seroepidemiological studies using mainly the indirect immunoflourescent antibody test of sera from humans and rats showed that hantaviruses have a worldwide distribution.
肾综合征出血热（HFRS）由布尼亚病毒科的一组RNA病毒即汉坦病毒引起。经典的、严重型的HFRS以发热、头痛、腹痛和腰痛、蛋白尿、出血现象、休克及肾衰竭为特征。该疾病与汉坦原型病毒有关，发生在韩国和中国农村地区，以黑线姬鼠作为储存宿主。由汉城病毒引起的临床症状较轻的HFRS形式，发生在城市地区，以褐家鼠作为主要储存宿主。在非流行地区，该疾病可能不典型，在马来西亚曾观察到有肝炎症状且肾脏受累轻微的患者。在不同国家的几个医疗中心发生过涉及感染实验鼠群的人类HFRS疫情。汉坦病毒在啮齿动物中引起慢性无症状感染，这些动物通过肺、唾液和尿液排出病毒。人类主要通过吸入来自健康啮齿动物携带者的感染性飞沫而感染。主要使用人及大鼠血清的间接免疫荧光抗体试验进行的血清流行病学研究表明，汉坦病毒在全球范围内均有分布。
