Niklasson B S
Department of Virology, National Bacteriological Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden.
Pediatr Nephrol. 1992 Mar;6(2):201-4. doi: 10.1007/BF00866318.
Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is characterized by fever, headache, abdominal pain, renal dysfunction and various haemorrhagic manifestations. The viruses causing HFRS all belong to the Hantavirus genus in the Bunyaviridae family. At least three of the different hantaviruses are associated with human disease: Hantaan, Seoul, and Puumala viruses. HFRS is endemic in a belt from Norway in the west, through Sweden, Finland, the Soviet Union, China, Korea to Japan in the east. The clinical severity of HFRS varies throughout this belt. A severe form with haemorrhagic manifestations and significant lethality (Korean haemorrhagic fever--caused by Hantaan and Seoul virus) occurs in Asia, while a milder form (nephropathia epidemica caused by Puumala virus) with less haemorrhagic manifestations and no or low lethality is found in Europe. All hantaviruses are spread by rodents where the major route of transmission to man is via aerosol from rodent urine, saliva and faeces. Although HFRS occurs with the same clinical picture in children as in adults both incidence rates and antibody prevalence rates are very low in children under 10 years. Men of working age make up the bulk of clinical cases.
肾综合征出血热（HFRS）的特征为发热、头痛、腹痛、肾功能障碍及各种出血表现。引起HFRS的病毒均属于布尼亚病毒科汉坦病毒属。至少三种不同的汉坦病毒与人类疾病相关：汉滩病毒、汉城病毒和普马拉病毒。HFRS在从西部的挪威，经瑞典、芬兰、苏联、中国、韩国至东部的日本这一地带呈地方性流行。在这一地带，HFRS的临床严重程度各不相同。亚洲出现一种伴有出血表现且致死率较高的严重形式（朝鲜出血热——由汉滩病毒和汉城病毒引起），而在欧洲发现一种症状较轻的形式（由普马拉病毒引起的流行性肾病），其出血表现较少，致死率为零或很低。所有汉坦病毒均通过啮齿动物传播，其传染给人的主要途径是经由啮齿动物尿液、唾液和粪便形成的气溶胶。尽管儿童患HFRS时的临床表现与成人相同，但10岁以下儿童的发病率和抗体流行率都很低。临床病例大多是处于工作年龄的男性。
