Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA.
Nutrients. 2017 Sep 30;9(10):1088. doi: 10.3390/nu9101088.
A systematic review and meta-analysis determined the effect of restaurant menu labeling on calories and nutrients chosen in laboratory and away-from-home settings in U.S. adults. Cochrane-based criteria adherent, peer-reviewed study designs conducted and published in the English language from 1950 to 2014 were collected in 2015, analyzed in 2016, and used to evaluate the effect of nutrition labeling on calories and nutrients ordered or consumed. Before and after menu labeling outcomes were used to determine weighted mean differences in calories, saturated fat, total fat, carbohydrate, and sodium ordered/consumed which were pooled across studies using random effects modeling. Stratified analysis for laboratory and away-from-home settings were also completed. Menu labeling resulted in no significant change in reported calories ordered/consumed in studies with full criteria adherence, nor the 14 studies analyzed with ≤1 unmet criteria, nor for change in total ordered carbohydrate, fat, and saturated fat (three studies) or ordered or consumed sodium (four studies). A significant reduction of 115.2 calories ordered/consumed in laboratory settings was determined when analyses were stratified by study setting. Menu labeling away-from-home did not result in change in quantity or quality, specifically for carbohydrates, total fat, saturated fat, or sodium, of calories consumed among U.S. adults.
一项系统评价和荟萃分析确定了餐厅菜单标签对美国成年人在实验室和非家庭环境中选择的卡路里和营养成分的影响。2015 年收集了符合考科蓝标准、同行评审的研究设计，并在 2016 年进行了分析，这些研究设计以英文发表，时间跨度为 1950 年至 2014 年，用于评估营养标签对所点或所消费的卡路里和营养成分的影响。使用随机效应模型对研究进行汇总，根据菜单标签前后的结果来确定卡路里、饱和脂肪、总脂肪、碳水化合物和钠所点/所消费的加权平均差异。还完成了实验室和非家庭环境的分层分析。在完全符合标准的研究中，以及在分析中仅不符合 1 项标准的 14 项研究中，菜单标签均未导致所报告的卡路里的显著变化，在所分析的 3 项研究中总碳水化合物、脂肪和饱和脂肪的变化（三项研究）或所分析的 4 项研究中钠的变化也无显著差异。当按研究环境分层分析时，在实验室环境中确定所点卡路里减少了 115.2 卡路里。在家外就餐时，菜单标签并未导致所消费的卡路里的数量或质量发生变化，特别是碳水化合物、总脂肪、饱和脂肪或钠。
