Watkins Rhys A, King Jason S, Johnston Simon A
Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
The Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
Microorganisms. 2017 Sep 30;5(4):65. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms5040065.
sp. are basidiomycete yeasts which can be found widely, free-living in the environment. Interactions with natural predators, such as amoebae in the soil, are thought to have promoted the development of adaptations enabling the organism to survive inside human macrophages. Infection with in humans occurs following inhalation of desiccated yeast cells or spore particles and may result in fatal meningoencephalitis. Human disease is caused almost exclusively by the species complex, which predominantly infects immunocompromised patients, and the species complex, which is capable of infecting immunocompetent individuals. The nutritional requirements of are critical for its virulence in animals. has evolved a broad range of nutrient acquisition strategies, many if not most of which also appear to contribute to its virulence, enabling infection of animal hosts. In this review, we summarise the current understanding of nutritional requirements and acquisition in and offer perspectives to its evolution as a significant pathogen of humans.
隐球菌属是担子菌酵母，广泛存在于环境中，自由生活。与自然捕食者（如土壤中的变形虫）的相互作用被认为促进了适应性的发展，使该生物体能够在人类巨噬细胞内存活。人类吸入干燥的酵母细胞或孢子颗粒后会发生感染，可能导致致命的脑膜脑炎。人类疾病几乎完全由主要感染免疫功能低下患者的新型隐球菌复合群和能够感染免疫功能正常个体的格特隐球菌复合群引起。新型隐球菌的营养需求对其在动物体内的毒力至关重要。新型隐球菌已经进化出广泛的营养获取策略，其中许多（如果不是大多数）似乎也有助于其毒力，从而能够感染动物宿主。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前对新型隐球菌营养需求和获取的理解，并对其作为人类重要病原体的进化提供了观点。
