Aldulaimi Omar A
Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, College of Pharmacy, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.
Pharmacogn Rev. 2017 Jul-Dec;11(22):123-127. doi: 10.4103/phrev.phrev_43_16.
The emergence and rapid development of seriously drug-resistant pathogens have created the greatest danger to public health and made the treatment of infectious diseases ineffective; to control the antibiotic-resistant microbes, the discovery of new effective antibacterials with new mechanisms of action against bacteria remains an urgent task to control the bacterial resistance. The paucity of infections in wild plants supports the role of innate defense system of plants. Many researchers nominate the natural extracts to act against bacterial resistance mechanisms, and the majority of them have now been focused on the combination of plant extracts and antibiotics to define the availability of resistance modification agents. Only very few numbers of natural products are successful to reach experiments circle beyond the assays. Phenols and phenolic acids could serve as good candidates to the natural antibacterial arsenal. The pyrogallol-based compounds are more potent than others such as catechol or resorcinol, gallic acid, and the hydroxycinnamic acid (ferulic acid) are destructing the bacterial cell wall of , , and , leading to leakage of cellular contents. These compounds have stronger activity against Gram-positive microorganisms, and some of them showed good synergism with antibiotics, for example, pentagalloylglucopyranose, is shown a synergism with penicillin G against methicillin-resistant , another example is the interesting synergism between epicatechin gallate and oxacillin where the minimal inhibitory concentrations of oxacillin reduced around 500 times by the addition of epicatechin gallate to the antibiotic.
严重耐药病原体的出现和快速发展对公众健康构成了最大威胁，并使传染病治疗失效；为了控制抗生素耐药微生物，发现具有新型细菌作用机制的新型有效抗菌药物仍然是控制细菌耐药性的紧迫任务。野生植物中感染情况稀少，这支持了植物先天防御系统的作用。许多研究人员提名天然提取物对抗细菌耐药机制，并且现在大多数研究都集中在植物提取物与抗生素的组合上，以确定耐药性修饰剂的可用性。只有极少数天然产物成功进入了实验阶段，而不仅仅是在试验中。酚类和酚酸类化合物可以成为天然抗菌武器库的良好候选物。基于焦性没食子酸的化合物比其他化合物（如儿茶酚或间苯二酚、没食子酸）更有效，羟基肉桂酸（阿魏酸）会破坏金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和粪肠球菌的细菌细胞壁，导致细胞内容物泄漏。这些化合物对革兰氏阳性微生物具有更强的活性，其中一些与抗生素表现出良好的协同作用，例如，五倍子酰葡萄糖与青霉素G对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌表现出协同作用，另一个例子是表儿茶素没食子酸酯与苯唑西林之间有趣的协同作用，通过向抗生素中添加表儿茶素没食子酸酯，苯唑西林的最低抑菌浓度降低了约500倍。
