Nowacka Natalia, Nowak Renata, Drozd Marta, Olech Marta, Los Renata, Malm Anna
Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
PLoS One. 2015 Oct 15;10(10):e0140355. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140355. eCollection 2015.
Among many sources of natural bioactive substances, mushrooms constitute a huge and almost unexplored group. Fungal compounds have been repeatedly reported to exert biological effects which have prompted their use in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry. Therefore, the aim of this study was analysis of chemical composition and biological activity of 31 wild growing mushroom species (including saprophytic and parasitic) from Poland.
Qualitative and quantitative LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of fourteen phenolic acids in the mushrooms analysed was performed. Moreover, total phenolic content was determined by the modified Folin-Ciocalteau method. Antioxidative activity of ethanolic extracts towards DPPH• free radical was examined. Antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (S. epidermidis, S. aureus, B. subtilis, M. luteus) and Gram-negative (E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis) microbial strains was analyzed.
As a result, the first such broad report on polyphenolic composition, antiradical and antimicrobial potential of wild growing Polish mushrooms was developed. Mushroom extracts were found to contain both benzoic (protocatechuic, 4-OH-benzoic, vanillic, syringic) and cinnamic acid derivatives (caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic). Total phenolic content in mushrooms ranged between 2.79 and 53.13 mg gallic acid equivalent /g of dried extract in Trichaptum fuscoviolaceum and Fomes fomentarius, respectively. Fungi showed much differentiated antiradical activity, from highly active F. fomentarius to poorly effective Russula fragilis (IC50 1.39 to 120.54 mg per mg DPPH•, respectively). A quite considerable relationship between phenolic content and antiradical activity has been demonstrated. Mushrooms varied widely in antimicrobial potential (MIC from 0.156 to 5 mg/ml). Generally, a slightly higher activity against Gram-positive than Gram-negative strains was observed. This is the first study concerning the chemical composition and biological activity of the majority of investigated species.
在众多天然生物活性物质来源中，蘑菇构成了一个庞大且几乎未被探索的群体。真菌化合物多次被报道具有生物效应，这促使它们在制药和化妆品行业中得到应用。因此，本研究的目的是分析来自波兰的31种野生蘑菇物种（包括腐生和寄生）的化学成分和生物活性。
对所分析蘑菇中的14种酚酸进行了定性和定量的液相色谱 - 电喷雾串联质谱（LC - ESI - MS/MS）分析。此外，采用改良的福林 - 西奥卡勒法测定总酚含量。检测了乙醇提取物对DPPH•自由基的抗氧化活性。分析了对革兰氏阳性菌（表皮葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、藤黄微球菌）和革兰氏阴性菌（大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌、奇异变形杆菌）菌株的抗菌活性。
结果形成了第一份关于波兰野生蘑菇多酚组成、抗自由基和抗菌潜力的如此全面的报告。发现蘑菇提取物含有苯甲酸（原儿茶酸、4 - 羟基苯甲酸、香草酸、丁香酸）和肉桂酸衍生物（咖啡酸、对香豆酸、阿魏酸）。蘑菇中的总酚含量在烟管菌和药用层孔菌中分别为2.79至53.13毫克没食子酸当量/克干提取物。真菌表现出差异很大的抗自由基活性，从高活性的药用层孔菌到低效的脆红菇（IC50分别为每毫克DPPH• 1.39至120.54毫克）。已证明酚含量与抗自由基活性之间存在相当显著的关系。蘑菇的抗菌潜力差异很大（最低抑菌浓度为0.156至5毫克/毫升）。一般来说，观察到对革兰氏阳性菌的活性略高于革兰氏阴性菌。这是关于大多数被研究物种的化学成分和生物活性的第一项研究。
