Payling L, Kim I H, Walsh M C, Kiarie E
J Anim Sci. 2017 Sep;95(9):4018-4029. doi: 10.2527/jas2017.1522.
Three studies involving 352 grower pigs were conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with multistrain spp. direct-fed microbial (DFM) and protease, alone or in combination, on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, fecal microbiota, and noxious gas emissions, and to use a meta-analysis to increase the reliability of the findings. Treatments ( = 4) were set up as a 2 × 2 factorial design with 2 levels of protease (0 and 5.000/6.000 units/kilogram of feed [U/KG]) and 2 levels of DFM (0 and 1.5 × 10 colony forming units/gram of feed [CFU/G]), plus a protease + DFM combination. Pigs were housed in groups of 3 or 4/pen with 8 replicate pens/treatment. Experimental diets were fed for 42 d and feed intake and BW were measured weekly. Fecal samples were collected at d 42 and analyzed to determine apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD). Fecal counts of and coliforms, and noxious gas emissions were measured. Blood samples were taken by anterior vena cava puncture to measure blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. Data from the 3 studies were pooled and analyzed as a 2 × 2 factorial using the Fit Model platform of JMP 11 (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). Means separation was determined using Tukey's honest significant difference test. The main effect of protease and DFM increased: BW at 42 d, overall ADG, and overall G:F compared to the control ( < 0.04). There were no interactions between protease and DFM ( > 0.05); however, the protease + DFM combination was the only treatment to improve ADG and G:F in all phases compared to the control. The main effect of protease increased ATTD of DM, nitrogen (N), and ADF ( < 0.04). The main effect of DFM increased ATTD of DM, N, GE, DE, ADF, and fat ( < 0.02). There was a trend for an interaction between protease and DFM for ATTD of GE and DE ( < 0.08) because the protease + DFM combination increased energy digestibility more than the additive effects of the protease and DFM alone. The main effects of protease and DFM decreased fecal ammonia emissions ( < 0.01), but the protease + DFM combination was the only treatment to decrease ammonia emissions compared to the control. In conclusion, the main effects of protease and DFM improved growth performance and nutrient digestibility compared to the control, but there was a greater additive effect of the protease + DFM combination on energy and N digestibility.
开展了三项涉及352头生长猪的研究，以确定日粮中添加多菌株直接投喂微生物（DFM）和蛋白酶单独或联合使用对生长性能、养分消化率、血液特性、粪便微生物群和有害气体排放的影响，并采用荟萃分析提高研究结果的可靠性。试验处理（ = 4）采用2×2析因设计，设置2个蛋白酶水平（0和5.000/6.000单位/千克饲料 [U/KG]）和2个DFM水平（0和1.5×10菌落形成单位/克饲料 [CFU/G]），外加蛋白酶 + DFM组合。猪按每栏3或4头分组，每个处理8个重复栏。试验日粮饲喂42天，每周测量采食量和体重。在第42天采集粪便样本，分析以确定表观全肠道消化率（ATTD）。测量粪便中 和大肠菌群的数量以及有害气体排放。通过前腔静脉穿刺采集血样，测量血尿素氮（BUN）和肌酐。将三项研究的数据合并，使用JMP 11（SAS公司，北卡罗来纳州卡里）的拟合模型平台按2×2析因进行分析。使用Tukey氏真实显著差异检验确定均值分离。与对照组相比，蛋白酶和DFM的主要作用提高了：42日龄体重、总体平均日增重（ADG）和总体料重比（G:F）（ < 0.04）。蛋白酶和DFM之间无交互作用（ > 0.05）；然而，与对照组相比，蛋白酶 + DFM组合是在所有阶段均能提高ADG和G:F的唯一处理。蛋白酶的主要作用提高了干物质（DM）、氮（N）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）的ATTD（ < 0.04）。DFM的主要作用提高了DM、N、总能（GE）、消化能（DE）、ADF和脂肪的ATTD（ < 0.02）。对于GE和DE的ATTD，蛋白酶和DFM之间存在交互作用趋势（ < 0.08），因为蛋白酶 + DFM组合提高能量消化率的程度大于蛋白酶和DFM单独作用的加性效应。蛋白酶和DFM的主要作用降低了粪便氨排放（ < 0.01），但与对照组相比，蛋白酶 + DFM组合是唯一能降低氨排放的处理。总之，与对照组相比，蛋白酶和DFM的主要作用改善了生长性能和养分消化率，但蛋白酶 + DFM组合对能量和N消化率具有更大的加性效应。
