暴露于极端环境温度下的岩鸽繁殖情况。

Reproduction of rock pigeon exposed to extreme ambient temperatures.

Arieli Y, Peltonen L, Marder J

Department of Zoology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.

Comp Biochem Physiol A Comp Physiol. 1988;90(3):497-500. doi: 10.1016/0300-9629(88)90226-5.

Abstract

The breeding biology of rock pigeon (Columba livia) exposed to ambient temperatures (Ta) between 50 and 60 degrees C was investigated. 2. Four families accomplished three complete life cycles after long term daily exposure to extreme Ta, with about 100% success. 3. The steady state temperatures in the nest were 60, 58, 53 and 44.6 degrees C in the air, substrate surface, underwing, and in the egg's microenvironment, respectively. 4. At thermal conditions between 30 and 60 degrees C, egg temperature (Tegg) was regulated between 36.8 +/- 0.8 (S.D.) and 41.7 +/- 0.4 (S.D.). Tegg increases by 0.163 degrees C/1 degree C rise in Ta. 5. Mean Tb of the nonincubating parent exposed to 30-60 degrees C is 41.6 +/- 0.6 degrees C (S.D.). Under the same conditions the incubating parent regulated a significantly (P less than 0.01) lower Tb (38.8 degrees C) at 45 degrees C Ta and about 1 degree C lower Tb at 30 and 60 degrees C Ta, respectively. 6. By comparing the differences between fast (5 min) cooling of hot egg (44.8 degrees C) to slow heating (60-90 min), we could demonstrate the high sensitivity of the incubating parent to the danger of embryo overheating. 7. The significance of the adaptive behavioral and physiological mechanisms in breeding under extreme thermal conditions are discussed.

摘要

研究了暴露于50至60摄氏度环境温度（Ta）下的原鸽（Columba livia）的繁殖生物学。2. 四个鸽家庭在长期每日暴露于极端Ta后完成了三个完整的生命周期，成功率约为100%。3. 巢内的稳态温度在空气、基质表面、翅下和卵的微环境中分别为60、58、53和44.6摄氏度。4. 在30至60摄氏度的热条件下，卵温度（Tegg）被调节在36.8±0.8（标准差）至41.7±0.4（标准差）之间。Ta每升高1摄氏度，Tegg升高0.163摄氏度。5. 暴露于30至60摄氏度的非孵卵亲鸽的平均体温（Tb）为41.6±0.6摄氏度（标准差）。在相同条件下，孵卵亲鸽在Ta为45摄氏度时调节的Tb显著较低（P小于0.01）（38.8摄氏度），在Ta为30和60摄氏度时分别低约1摄氏度。6. 通过比较热卵（44.8摄氏度）快速（5分钟）冷却与缓慢加热（60至90分钟）之间的差异，我们可以证明孵卵亲鸽对胚胎过热危险的高度敏感性。7. 讨论了极端热条件下繁殖中适应性行为和生理机制的意义。