Suleiman Maria, Jelip Jenarun, Rundi Christina, Chua Tock H
Sabah State Health Department, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
Department of Pathobiology and Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2017 Dec;97(6):1731-1736. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0589. Epub 2017 Oct 5.
During the months of January-February and May-June 2013 coinciding with the red tide occurrence in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, six episodes involving 58 cases of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) or saxitoxin (STX) poisoning and resulting in four deaths were reported. Many of them were intoxicated from consuming shellfish purchased from the markets, whereas others were intoxicated from eating shellfish collected from the beach. Levels of STX in shellfish collected from the affected areas were high (mean 2,920 ± 780 and 360 ± 140 µg STX equivalents/100 g shellfish meat respectively for the two periods). The count of toxic dinoflagellates ( var ) of the sea water sampled around the coast was also high (mean 34,200 ± 10,300 cells/L). Species of shellfish containing high levels of STX were , , and . The age of victims varied from 9 to 67 years. Symptoms presented were typical of PSP, such as dizziness, numbness, vomiting, and difficulty in breathing. Recommended steps to prevent or reduce PSP in future red tide season include better monitoring of red tide occurrence, regular sampling of shellfish for determination of STX level, wider dissemination of information on the danger of eating contaminated shellfish among the communities, fishermen, and fishmongers.
2013年1月至2月以及5月至6月期间，恰逢马来西亚沙巴州哥打基纳巴卢发生赤潮，共报告了6起事件，涉及58例麻痹性贝类中毒（PSP）或石房蛤毒素（STX）中毒，导致4人死亡。其中许多人因食用从市场购买的贝类而中毒，而其他人则因食用从海滩采集的贝类而中毒。从受影响地区采集的贝类中STX含量很高（两个时期分别为平均2920±780和360±140微克STX当量/100克贝肉）。沿海岸采样的海水中有毒甲藻（var）数量也很高（平均34200±10300个细胞/升）。含有高含量STX的贝类种类有、、和。受害者年龄从9岁到67岁不等。出现的症状是PSP的典型症状，如头晕、麻木、呕吐和呼吸困难。为在未来赤潮季节预防或减少PSP推荐采取的措施包括更好地监测赤潮发生情况、定期采集贝类样本以测定STX含量、在社区、渔民和鱼贩中更广泛地传播食用受污染贝类危险性的信息。
