Haynes Patricia L, Silva Graciela E, Howe George W, Thomson Cynthia A, Butler Emily A, Quan Stuart F, Sherrill Duane, Scanlon Molly, Rojo-Wissar Darlynn M, Gengler Devan N, Glickenstein David A
Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
College of Nursing, University of Arizona, 1305 N. Martin Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
BMC Public Health. 2017 Oct 10;17(1):793. doi: 10.1186/s12889-017-4818-2.
The World Health Organization has identified obesity as one of the most visible and neglected public health problems worldwide. Meta-analytic studies suggest that insufficient sleep increases the risk of developing obesity and related serious medical conditions. Unfortunately, the nationwide average sleep duration has steadily declined over the last two decades with 25% of U.S. adults reporting insufficient sleep. Stress is also an important indirect factor in obesity, and chronic stress and laboratory-induced stress negatively impact sleep. Despite what we know from basic sciences about (a) stress and sleep and (b) sleep and obesity, we know very little about how these factors actually manifest in a natural environment. The Assessing Daily Activity Patterns Through Occupational Transitions (ADAPT) study tests whether sleep disruption plays a key role in the development of obesity for individuals exposed to involuntary job loss, a life event that is often stressful and disrupting to an individual's daily routine.
This is an 18-month closed, cohort research design examining social rhythms, sleep, dietary intake, energy expenditure, waist circumference, and weight gain over 18 months in individuals who have sustained involuntary job loss. Approximately 332 participants who lost their job within the last 3 months are recruited from flyers within the Arizona Department of Economic Security (AZDES) Unemployment Insurance Administration application packets and other related postings. Multivariate growth curve modeling will be used to investigate the temporal precedence of changes in social rhythms, sleep, and weight gain.
It is hypothesized that: (1) unemployed individuals with less consistent social rhythms and worse sleep will have steeper weight gain trajectories over 18 months than unemployed individuals with stable social rhythms and better sleep; (2) disrupted sleep will mediate the relationship between social rhythm disruption and weight gain; and (3) reemployment will be associated with a reversal in the negative trajectories outlined above. Positive findings will provide support for the development of obesity prevention campaigns targeting sleep and social rhythms in an accessible subgroup of vulnerable individuals.
世界卫生组织已将肥胖确定为全球最明显且被忽视的公共卫生问题之一。荟萃分析研究表明，睡眠不足会增加患肥胖症及相关严重疾病的风险。不幸的是，在过去二十年中，全国平均睡眠时间持续下降，25%的美国成年人报告睡眠不足。压力也是肥胖的一个重要间接因素，慢性压力和实验室诱导的压力会对睡眠产生负面影响。尽管我们从基础科学中了解到（a）压力与睡眠以及（b）睡眠与肥胖的关系，但我们对这些因素在自然环境中实际如何表现知之甚少。通过职业转变评估日常活动模式（ADAPT）研究测试睡眠中断是否在遭受非自愿失业的个体肥胖发展中起关键作用，非自愿失业是一种常给个体带来压力并扰乱其日常生活的生活事件。
这是一项为期18个月的封闭式队列研究设计，研究遭受非自愿失业的个体在18个月内的社会节律、睡眠、饮食摄入、能量消耗、腰围和体重增加情况。大约332名在过去3个月内失业的参与者是从亚利桑那州经济安全部（AZDES）失业保险管理申请包中的传单及其他相关帖子中招募的。多变量生长曲线模型将用于研究社会节律、睡眠和体重增加变化的时间先后顺序。
假设如下：（1）社会节律较不一致且睡眠较差的失业个体在18个月内的体重增加轨迹比社会节律稳定且睡眠较好的失业个体更陡峭；（2）睡眠中断将介导社会节律紊乱与体重增加之间的关系；（3）重新就业将与上述负面轨迹的逆转相关。积极的研究结果将为针对易受影响个体中可接触到的亚组开展以睡眠和社会节律为目标的肥胖预防运动提供支持。
