Biomaterials in Dentistry Program, Universidade Anhanguera de São Paulo (UNIAN-SP), São Paulo, Brazil; Biotechnology and Innovation in Health Program, Universidade Anhanguera de São Paulo (UNIAN-SP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Dent Mater. 2017 Dec;33(12):1402-1415. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2017.09.011. Epub 2017 Oct 7.
To evaluate the cytotoxic effects of exposing odontoblast cells to a variety of commercial self-adhesive cements polymerized using different activation modes.
Five cements: MaxCem Elite (MAX), Bifix SE (BSE), G-Cem LinkAce (GCE), Clearfil SA Luting (CAS), and RelyX U200 (U200) were mixed, dispensed into molds, and distributed in groups, according to polymerization protocols: immediate photoactivation; delayed photoactivation (10min self-curing plus light-activation); and chemical activation (no light exposure). Immortalized rat odontoblast cells (MDPC-23) were cultured. Cell viability was assessed by Trypan Blue staining and total cell death was assessed by annexin V-APC/7-AAD double staining and flow cytometry. Volatilized compounds from polymerized specimens of cements were evaluated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Data was analyzed with 2-way ANOVA/Tukey tests (α=0.05).
Exposure to all of the cements tested significantly reduced the cell viability, irrespective of the activation protocol (p<0.05). The least harmful cements were CSA and U200. Total death of cells significantly increased when exposed to BSE, GCE, and MAX, especially when chemically activated (p<0.05). Characteristic apoptotic cells increased after exposure to cements, mainly for MAX, regardless of the activation mode. Chemical activation of MAX also induced necrosis. Moreover, GCE and MAX exhibited higher percentages of late apoptotic/dead cells. Chromatograms revealed 28 compounds released from the cements tested, some of them with known carcinogenic effects. Selection of self-adhesive cements and polymerization protocols affect the cytotoxicity and cell viability of odontoblastic cells.
Despite the simplified cementation protocol, care is needed when cementing indirect restorations with self-adhesive cements, especially on recently exposed dentin. This category of material may cause differential cytotoxic effects and should be considered when selecting a cement. This is particularly true in clinical cases of light attenuation, where the polymerization depends on chemical activation, inducing higher cytotoxic damages when using some of the cements tested.
评估暴露于各种商业自粘水泥的成牙本质细胞的细胞毒性作用，这些水泥采用不同的激活模式聚合。
将 5 种水泥：MaxCem Elite（MAX）、Bifix SE（BSE）、G-Cem LinkAce（GCE）、Clearfil SA Luting（CAS）和 RelyX U200（U200）混合，分装到模具中，并根据聚合方案分为组：立即光激活；延迟光激活（自固化 10 分钟后再加光激活）；化学激活（无光照）。培养永生化大鼠成牙本质细胞（MDPC-23）。通过台盼蓝染色评估细胞活力，通过 Annexin V-APC/7-AAD 双重染色和流式细胞术评估总细胞死亡。通过气相色谱/质谱联用（GC-MS）评估聚合试件中挥发化合物。使用 2 因素方差分析/Tukey 检验（α=0.05）进行数据分析。
暴露于所有测试的水泥均显著降低细胞活力，无论激活方案如何（p<0.05）。CSA 和 U200 是最无害的水泥。当暴露于 BSE、GCE 和 MAX 时，细胞总死亡率显著增加，尤其是在化学激活时（p<0.05）。暴露于水泥后，特征性凋亡细胞增加，主要是 MAX，无论激活模式如何。MAX 的化学激活也诱导了坏死。此外，GCE 和 MAX 表现出更高比例的晚期凋亡/死亡细胞。色谱图显示从测试的水泥中释放出 28 种化合物，其中一些具有已知的致癌作用。自粘水泥的选择和聚合方案会影响成牙本质细胞的细胞毒性和细胞活力。
尽管简化了粘结方案，但在使用自粘水泥粘结间接修复体时仍需谨慎，尤其是在最近暴露的牙本质上。这类材料可能会引起不同的细胞毒性作用，在选择水泥时应加以考虑。在光衰减的临床病例中尤其如此，其中聚合取决于化学激活，使用测试的一些水泥时会引起更高的细胞毒性损伤。
