Wafeu Guy S, Tankeu Aurel T, Endomba Francky Teddy A, Nansseu Jobert Richie, Kaze Arnaud D, Bigna Jean Joel, Noubiap Jean Jacques
Department of internal medicine and specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences,University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
BMJ Open. 2017 Oct 10;7(10):e015444. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015444.
Tobacco use significantly increases cardiovascular complications in people living with hypertension and/or diabetes. We aim to summarise data on the prevalence and factors associated with active smoking in these conditions in Africa.
We will search PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar and African Journals Online for relevant abstracts of studies on active smoking in individuals living with diabetes and/or hypertension published from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2016, with no language restriction. Additionally, relevant unpublished papers and conference proceedings will be checked, as well as references of included articles. Two investigators will independently screen, select studies, extract data and assess the risk of bias in each study. Data will be analysed using Stata software (Stata V.14, Texas, USA). The study-specific estimates will be pooled through a random-effects meta-analysis model to obtain an overall summary estimate of the prevalence of smoking across studies. Also, we will assess factors associated to smoking. Heterogeneity of studies will be evaluated by the χ2 test on Cochrane's Q statistic. Funnel plots analysis and Egger's test will be done to detect publication bias. Results will be presented by geographic region (central, eastern, northern, southern and western Africa). A p value less than 0.05 will be considered significant for factors associated to smoking.
This study is based on published data, and therefore ethical approval is not a requirement. This systematic review and meta-analysis is expected to serve as a basis for designing cost-effective interventions to reduce and prevent smoking in patients with diabetes and/or hypertension, and as a guide for future research based on the remaining gaps. The final report of this study in the form of a scientific paper will be published in peer-reviewed journals. Findings will further be presented at conferences and submitted to relevant health authorities.
吸烟显著增加高血压和/或糖尿病患者的心血管并发症风险。我们旨在总结非洲地区这些疾病患者中当前吸烟的患病率及相关因素的数据。
我们将检索PubMed、Embase、谷歌学术和非洲在线期刊，查找2000年1月1日至2016年12月31日发表的有关糖尿病和/或高血压患者当前吸烟情况的研究相关摘要，无语言限制。此外，将检查相关未发表论文和会议记录以及纳入文章的参考文献。两名研究人员将独立筛选、选择研究、提取数据并评估每项研究的偏倚风险。数据将使用Stata软件（美国德克萨斯州Stata V.14）进行分析。通过随机效应荟萃分析模型汇总各研究的特定估计值，以获得各项研究中吸烟患病率的总体汇总估计值。此外，我们将评估与吸烟相关的因素。通过对Cochrane's Q统计量进行χ2检验评估研究的异质性。将进行漏斗图分析和Egger检验以检测发表偏倚。结果将按地理区域（非洲中部、东部、北部、南部和西部）呈现。与吸烟相关的因素，p值小于0.05将被视为具有统计学意义。
本研究基于已发表的数据，因此无需伦理批准。这项系统评价和荟萃分析预期将为设计具有成本效益的干预措施以减少和预防糖尿病和/或高血压患者吸烟提供依据，并为基于剩余差距的未来研究提供指导。本研究的最终报告将以科学论文的形式发表在同行评审期刊上。研究结果还将在会议上展示并提交给相关卫生当局。
