Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India.
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, Jaipur 302017, India.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2017 Dec;96:361-370. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.015. Epub 2017 Nov 24.
Struvite is one of the most common urinary/kidney stones, composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate (MgNHPO·HO). They are also termed as infection stones as these are associated with urinary tract infections. Numerous studies have been carried out to examine the growth and inhibition of struvite stones.
This review summarizes various reports on the factors responsible for inducing struvite stones in the kidney and gives a detailed account of studies on inhibition of growth of struvite crystals.
The presence of urea-splitting bacteria such as Proteus mirabilis and alkaline pH plays a crucial role in struvite formation. In vitro inhibition of struvite stones by various chemical agents were examined mainly in artificial urine whereas inhibition by herbal extracts was studied in vitro by gel diffusion technique. Herbal extracts of curcumin, Boerhaavia diffusa Linn, Rotula aquatica and many other plants, as well as some chemicals like pyrophosphate, acetohydroxamic acid, disodium EDTA and trisodium citrate, were reported to successfully inhibit struvite formation.
The present review recapitulates various factors affecting the growth of struvite urinary stones and the inhibitory role of certain chemicals and herbal extracts. Most of the tested plants are edible hence can be easily consumed without any adverse effects whereas the side effects of chemicals are unknown due to lack of toxicity studies. Thus, the use of herbal extracts might serve as an alternate and safe therapy for prevention of struvite stones.
鸟粪石是最常见的泌尿系统/肾结石之一，由磷酸铵镁（MgNHPO·HO）组成。由于这些结石与尿路感染有关，因此也被称为感染性结石。已经进行了许多研究来检查鸟粪石结石的生长和抑制。
本综述总结了导致肾结石中鸟粪石形成的各种因素的报告，并详细介绍了研究抑制鸟粪石晶体生长的情况。
尿素分解细菌（如奇异变形杆菌）的存在和碱性 pH 值在鸟粪石形成中起着关键作用。各种化学试剂对人工尿液中鸟粪石结石的体外抑制作用进行了研究，而草药提取物对体外凝胶扩散技术中鸟粪石晶体生长的抑制作用进行了研究。姜黄素、Boerhaavia diffusa Linn、Rotula aquatica 等草药提取物以及焦磷酸盐、乙酰羟肟酸、乙二胺四乙酸二钠和柠檬酸钠等一些化学物质已被报道可成功抑制鸟粪石的形成。
本综述回顾了影响鸟粪石尿结石生长的各种因素以及某些化学物质和草药提取物的抑制作用。大多数测试的植物都是可食用的，因此可以在没有任何不良反应的情况下轻松食用，而由于缺乏毒性研究，化学物质的副作用尚不清楚。因此，草药提取物的使用可能是预防鸟粪石结石的一种替代和安全的治疗方法。
