Centre for Ocean Research, Sathyabama University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 119, India.
Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Zoology, Auxilium College (Autonomous), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632006, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Jan;25(1):324-332. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-0428-x. Epub 2017 Oct 15.
The present study was carried out to establish the biofabrication of palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) using the plant leaf extract of Tinospora cordifolia Miers and its toxicity studies on the larvae of filariasis vector, Culex quinquefasciatus Say and malaria vector, Anopheles subpictus Grassi. The biofabricated PdNPs were characterized by using UV-visible spectrum, FTIR, XRD, FESEM, EDX and HRTEM. HRTEM confirmed the PdNPs were slightly agglomerated and spherical in shape and the average size was 16 nm. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis result revealed that the major constituent present in the T. cordifolia leaf extract is 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (31.79%) whereas the minor compounds are 1-hexadecanol (7.97%), 1-octadecanol (7.70%), 1-eicosanol (6.85%), behenic alcohol (5.36%), 1-tetradecene (6.22%), cyclotetradecane (6.23%), 1-hexadecene (7.97%), 1-octadecene (7.70%), 1-eicosene (6.85%), and 1-docosene (5.36%). T. cordifolia leaf extract exhibited the larvicidal activity against the fourth instar larvae of C. quinquefasciatus and A. subpictus with the values of LC = 59.857 and 54.536 mg/L; LC = 113.445 and 108.940 mg/L, respectively. The highest toxicity was observed in the biofabricated PdNPs against the fourth instar larvae of C. quinquefasciatus and A. subpictus with the values of LC = 6.090 and 6.454 mg/L; LC = 13.689 and 13.849 mg/L, respectively. Concerning non-target effects, Poecilia reticulata were exposed to PdNPs for 24 h and did not exhibit any noticeable toxicity. Overall, our findings strongly suggest that PdNPs is a perfect ecological and inexpensive approach for the control of filariasis and malaria vectors.
本研究旨在利用三叶鬼针草（Tinospora cordifolia Miers）的植物叶片提取物来生物制造钯纳米粒子（PdNPs），并研究其对丝虫病传播媒介库蚊（Culex quinquefasciatus Say）和疟疾传播媒介致倦库蚊（Anopheles subpictus Grassi）幼虫的毒性。生物制造的 PdNPs 通过紫外可见光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X 射线衍射、FESEM、EDX 和 HRTEM 进行表征。HRTEM 证实 PdNPs 略有团聚且呈球形，平均粒径为 16nm。气相色谱和质谱分析结果表明，三叶鬼针草叶提取物中的主要成分是 2,4-二叔丁基苯酚（31.79%），而次要化合物是 1-十六烷醇（7.97%）、1-十八烷醇（7.70%）、1-二十烷醇（6.85%）、山嵛醇（5.36%）、1-十四烯（6.22%）、环十四烷（6.23%）、1-十六烯（7.97%）、1-十八烯（7.70%）、1-二十烯（6.85%）和 1-二十二烯（5.36%）。三叶鬼针草叶提取物对库蚊和致倦库蚊的第四龄幼虫表现出杀幼虫活性，LC 值分别为 59.857 和 54.536mg/L；LC 值分别为 113.445 和 108.940mg/L。生物制造的 PdNPs 对库蚊和致倦库蚊的第四龄幼虫表现出最高的毒性，LC 值分别为 6.090 和 6.454mg/L；LC 值分别为 13.689 和 13.849mg/L。关于非靶标效应，将圆尾斗鱼暴露于 PdNPs 中 24 小时，未表现出任何明显的毒性。总的来说，我们的研究结果强烈表明，PdNPs 是控制丝虫病和疟疾传播媒介的一种完美的生态和廉价的方法。
