Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.
Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA.
Nutrients. 2017 Oct 17;9(10):1134. doi: 10.3390/nu9101134.
: Faster rates of cognitive decline are likely to result in earlier onset of cognitive impairment and dementia. d-galactose, a derivative of lactose, is used in animal studies to induce neurodegeneration. Milk is the primary source of lactose in the human diet, and its effects on cognitive decline have not been fully evaluated. : Assess the association of milk intake with change in cognitive function over 20 years. : A total of 13,751 participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort completed a food frequency questionnaire and three neurocognitive evaluations from 1990 through 2013. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to determine lactase persistence (LCT-13910 C/T for Whites and LCT-14010 G/C for Blacks). Mixed-effects models were used to study the association of milk intake with cognitive change. Multiple imputations by chained equations were used to account for attrition. : Milk intake greater than 1 glass/day was associated with greater decline in the global z-score over a 20-year period. The difference in decline was 0.10 (95% CI: 0.16, 0.03) z-scores, or an additional 10% decline, relative to the group reporting "almost never" consuming milk. : Replication of these results is warranted in diverse populations with greater milk intake and higher variability of lactase persistence genotype.
: 认知能力下降速度较快可能导致认知障碍和痴呆症更早发生。半乳糖是乳糖的一种衍生物，在动物研究中被用于诱导神经退行性变。牛奶是人类饮食中乳糖的主要来源，但其对认知能力下降的影响尚未得到充分评估。: 评估牛奶摄入量与 20 年内认知功能变化的关系。: 共有 13751 名动脉粥样硬化风险社区（ARIC）队列的参与者完成了一份食物频率问卷，并在 1990 年至 2013 年期间进行了三次神经认知评估。两个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）用于确定乳糖酶持续性（白人的 LCT-13910 C/T 和黑人的 LCT-14010 G/C）。混合效应模型用于研究牛奶摄入量与认知变化的关系。链式方程的多重插补用于解释流失。: 每天饮用超过 1 杯牛奶与 20 年内全球 z 评分的更大下降相关。与报告“几乎从不”饮用牛奶的组相比，下降差异为 0.10（95%CI：0.16，0.03）z 评分，即下降幅度增加 10%。: 在具有更大牛奶摄入量和更高乳糖酶持续性基因型变异性的不同人群中，需要对这些结果进行复制。
