Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut. Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain.
Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain.
Mol Nutr Food Res. 2022 Jul;66(14):e2101058. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.202101058. Epub 2022 Jun 1.
Dairy consumption has been suggested to impact cognition; however, evidence is limited and inconsistent. This study aims to longitudinally assess the association between dairy consumption with cognitive changes in an older Spanish population at high cardiovascular disease risk.
Four thousand six hundred sixty eight participants aged 55-75 years, completed a validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline and a neuropsychological battery of tests at baseline and 2-year follow-up. Multivariable linear regression models are used, scaled by 100 (i.e., the units of β correspond to 1 SD/100), to assess associations between baseline tertile daily consumption and 2-year changes in cognitive performance. Participants in the highest tertile of total milk and whole-fat milk consumption have a greater decline in global cognitive function (β: -4.71, 95% CI: -8.74 to -0.69, p-trend = 0.020 and β: -6.64, 95% CI: -10.81 to -2.47, p-trend = 0.002, respectively) compared to those in the lowest tertile. No associations are observed between low fat milk, yogurt, cheese or fermented dairy consumption, and changes in cognitive performance.
Results suggest there are no clear prospective associations between consumption of most commonly consumed dairy products and cognition, although there may be an association with a greater rate of cognitive decline over a 2-year period in older adults at high cardiovascular disease risk for whole-fat milk.
乳制品的摄入被认为会影响认知能力；然而，现有证据有限且不一致。本研究旨在纵向评估在心血管疾病高危的西班牙老年人群中，乳制品摄入与认知变化之间的关系。
4668 名年龄在 55-75 岁的参与者在基线时完成了一份经过验证的食物频率问卷，并在基线和 2 年随访时完成了一套神经心理学测试。使用多变量线性回归模型，按 100 进行缩放（即，β的单位对应于 1 SD/100），以评估基线三分位日摄入量与认知表现 2 年变化之间的关联。与最低三分位相比，总牛奶和全脂牛奶摄入量最高的 tertile 参与者的整体认知功能下降更大（β：-4.71，95%CI：-8.74 至-0.69，p 趋势=0.020 和β：-6.64，95%CI：-10.81 至-2.47，p 趋势=0.002）。与认知表现变化之间没有观察到低脂牛奶、酸奶、奶酪或发酵乳制品之间的关联。
结果表明，在心血管疾病高危的老年人群中，大多数常见乳制品的摄入与认知之间没有明确的前瞻性关联，但与全脂牛奶的认知衰退速度加快可能存在关联。
