Spatial Planning and Transportation Engineering, Department of Built Environment, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland.
Cognitive Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
PLoS One. 2017 Oct 17;12(10):e0185856. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185856. eCollection 2017.
Variation in longitudinal control in driving has been discussed in both traffic psychology and transportation engineering. Traffic psychologists have concerned themselves with "driving style", a habitual form of behavior marked by it's stability, and its basis in psychological traits. Those working in traffic microsimulation have searched for quantitative ways to represent different driver-car systems in car following models. There has been unfortunately little overlap or theoretical consistency between these literatures. Here, we investigated relationships between directly observable measures (time headway, acceleration and jerk) in a simulated driving task where the driving context, vehicle and environment were controlled. We found individual differences in the way a trade-off was made between close but jerky vs. far and smooth following behavior. We call these "intensive" and "calm" driving, and suggest this trade-off can serve as an indicator of a possible latent factor underlying driving style. We posit that pursuing such latent factors for driving style may have implications for modelling driver heterogeneity across various domains in traffic simulation.
驾驶中的纵向控制变化在交通心理学和交通工程学中都有讨论。交通心理学家关注的是“驾驶风格”，这是一种习惯性的行为模式，其特点是稳定性和心理特征的基础。从事交通微观模拟的人员一直在寻找定量方法来在跟车模型中表示不同的驾驶员-车辆系统。不幸的是，这些文献之间几乎没有重叠或理论一致性。在这里，我们在一个模拟驾驶任务中研究了直接可观察的度量（时间间隔、加速度和冲击率）之间的关系，在该任务中，驾驶环境、车辆和环境都受到控制。我们发现，在接近但冲击率高与距离远且平稳的跟随行为之间进行权衡的方式存在个体差异。我们称之为“紧张”和“冷静”的驾驶，并建议这种权衡可以作为潜在的驾驶风格基础的潜在因素的指标。我们假设，针对驾驶风格的这种潜在因素进行研究可能对在交通模拟的各个领域中建模驾驶员的异质性具有意义。
