Laapotti Sirkku, Keskinen Esko, Rajalin Sirpa
Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland.
J Safety Res. 2003;34(5):579-87. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2003.05.007.
This study evaluates how the traffic behaviors of young drivers and their attitudes toward traffic regulations have changed over the last 23 years, and particularly, whether the differences in attitudes and behavior between male and female drivers have changed.
The study was conducted in 2001, and it replicated a traffic attitude survey administered in 1978. The same survey was used, enabling comparison between the years. The number of respondents was 3158 in 1978 and 2759 in 2001.
The comparison revealed several differences regarding the background factors, attitudes, and driving style of novice drivers. Most obvious changes in the drivers' background were the changes in education level (higher today), driver training (more private training today), and exposure/experience in terms of kilometers (more today). The summary variable measured that the young drivers showed more negative attitudes toward traffic rules and safe driving in 2001 compared to 1978. Female drivers drove less than males and evaluated their driving skill lower. Female drivers were less involved in accidents and they committed less traffic offenses than males (kilometrage controlled). Female drivers showed a more positive attitude toward traffic safety and rules than males. The difference in traffic attitudes and behavior between males and females in 1978 compared to 2001 remained the same or even increased somewhat.
本研究评估了年轻驾驶员的交通行为及其对交通规则的态度在过去23年中是如何变化的，特别是男女驾驶员在态度和行为上的差异是否发生了变化。
该研究于2001年进行，重复了1978年进行的一项交通态度调查。使用了相同的调查问卷，以便进行年份之间的比较。1978年的受访者人数为3158人，2001年为2759人。
比较揭示了新手驾驶员在背景因素、态度和驾驶风格方面的若干差异。驾驶员背景方面最明显的变化是教育水平的变化（如今更高）、驾驶员培训（如今更多私人培训）以及行驶公里数方面的接触/经验（如今更多）。汇总变量测量结果显示，与1978年相比，2001年的年轻驾驶员对交通规则和安全驾驶表现出更消极的态度。女性驾驶员的驾驶里程少于男性，且对自己驾驶技能的评价更低。女性驾驶员较少卷入事故，并且在交通违法方面比男性少（已对行驶公里数进行控制）。女性驾驶员对交通安全和规则的态度比男性更积极。与2001年相比，1978年男女驾驶员在交通态度和行为上的差异保持不变，甚至有所增加。
