Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2017 Dec;47:80-85. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.09.012. Epub 2017 Oct 17.
Astrocytes form an anatomical bridge between the vasculature and neuronal synapses. Recent work suggests that they play a key role in regulating brain energy supply by increasing blood flow to regions where neurons are active, and setting the baseline level of blood flow. Controversy persists over whether lactate derived from astrocyte glycolysis is used to power oxidative phosphorylation in neurons, but astrocytes sustain neuronal ATP production by recycling neurotransmitter glutamate that would otherwise need to be resynthesised from glucose, and by providing a short-term energy store in the form of glycogen that can be mobilised when neurons are active.
星形胶质细胞在血管和神经元突触之间形成了一个解剖学上的桥梁。最近的研究表明，它们通过增加流向神经元活跃区域的血流量并设定血流的基线水平，在调节大脑能量供应方面发挥着关键作用。关于来自星形胶质细胞糖酵解的乳酸是否用于为神经元的氧化磷酸化提供动力，仍然存在争议，但星形胶质细胞通过回收谷氨酸等神经递质来维持神经元的 ATP 产生，否则这些谷氨酸需要从葡萄糖重新合成，并且通过提供以糖原形式存在的短期能量储备，当神经元活跃时可以动员这些储备。
