Cannon Claire M
University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
Vet Sci. 2015 Jun 30;2(3):111-126. doi: 10.3390/vetsci2030111.
Naturally occurring tumors in dogs are well-established models for several human cancers. Domestic cats share many of the benefits of dogs as a model (spontaneous cancers developing in an immunocompetent animal sharing the same environment as humans, shorter lifespan allowing more rapid trial completion and data collection, lack of standard of care for many cancers allowing evaluation of therapies in treatment-naïve populations), but have not been utilized to the same degree in the One Medicine approach to cancer. There are both challenges and opportunities in feline compared to canine models. This review will discuss three specific tumor types where cats may offer insights into human cancers. Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma is common, shares both clinical and molecular features with human head and neck cancer and is an attractive model for evaluating new therapies. Feline mammary tumors are usually malignant and aggressive, with the 'triple-negative' phenotype being more common than in humans, offering an enriched population in which to examine potential targets and treatments. Finally, although there is not an exact corollary in humans, feline injection site sarcoma may be a model for inflammation-driven tumorigenesis, offering opportunities for studying variations in individual susceptibility as well as preventative and therapeutic strategies.
犬类自然发生的肿瘤是多种人类癌症的成熟模型。家猫作为模型具有许多与犬类相同的优势（在与人类共享相同环境的免疫功能正常的动物中发生自发癌症，寿命较短使得试验能够更快完成并收集数据，许多癌症缺乏标准治疗方案从而能够在未经治疗的群体中评估疗法），但在“同一医学”的癌症研究方法中，家猫的应用程度不及犬类。与犬类模型相比，猫科动物模型既有挑战也有机遇。本综述将讨论三种特定的肿瘤类型，猫科动物在这些方面可能为人类癌症研究提供见解。猫口腔鳞状细胞癌很常见，与人类头颈癌具有临床和分子特征，是评估新疗法的有吸引力的模型。猫乳腺肿瘤通常为恶性且侵袭性强，“三阴性”表型比人类更为常见，为研究潜在靶点和治疗方法提供了丰富的群体。最后，尽管人类中没有完全对应的情况，但猫注射部位肉瘤可能是炎症驱动肿瘤发生的模型，为研究个体易感性差异以及预防和治疗策略提供了机会。
