Thomas Rachael
Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC 27607, USA.
Vet Sci. 2015 Aug 31;2(3):246-258. doi: 10.3390/vetsci2030246.
Relative to the dog, integration of the cat into the "One Health" concept has been more restricted, particularly in the field of molecular oncology. Beyond the continual need to enhance the sophistication of feline healthcare , the unique spectrum of naturally-occurring cancers in the cat offers tremendous opportunities for comparative and translational advances that may have mutual benefit for human and veterinary medicine. The study of feline cancers additionally may generate new insight into underexplored aspects of tumor biology that are less accessible in other species, such as the relationship between chronic inflammation and neoplasia, and the role of viruses in malignant transformation. Several factors that have hindered molecular studies of feline cancers have now been surmounted, with the most fundamental step forward coming from the development of a high-quality reference genome sequence assembly for the cat. This article reviews landmark studies that have led to our current appreciation of feline genome architecture, and outlines techniques used in cancer cytogenomics, from conventional karyotyping analysis through to the development of genomic microarrays and beyond. A summary of progress in the identification and characterization of chromosomal aberrations in feline cancers is provided using examples from studies of injection-site sarcomas, lymphomas and mammary tumors.
相对于犬类，猫在“同一健康”概念中的整合程度更为有限，尤其是在分子肿瘤学领域。除了持续需要提高猫科动物医疗保健的复杂性之外，猫自然发生的独特癌症谱为比较和转化研究进展提供了巨大机会，这可能对人类医学和兽医学都有共同益处。对猫科动物癌症的研究还可能为肿瘤生物学中其他物种较少涉及的未充分探索的方面带来新的见解，例如慢性炎症与肿瘤形成之间的关系，以及病毒在恶性转化中的作用。现在已经克服了一些阻碍猫科动物癌症分子研究的因素，最根本的进展来自于为猫开发高质量的参考基因组序列组装。本文回顾了一些具有里程碑意义的研究，这些研究使我们目前对猫科动物基因组结构有了认识，并概述了癌症细胞基因组学中使用的技术，从传统的核型分析到基因组微阵列的开发等等。通过注射部位肉瘤、淋巴瘤和乳腺肿瘤的研究实例，总结了猫科动物癌症中染色体畸变识别和表征的进展。
