Kim Jong-Hyuk, Graef Ashley J, Dickerson Erin B, Modiano Jaime F
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
Animal Cancer Care and Research Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
Vet Sci. 2015 Nov 6;2(4):388-405. doi: 10.3390/vetsci2040388.
Hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is an aggressive and common cancer in dogs. While cutaneous masses are often treatable by tumor excision, visceral tumors are almost always incurable. Treatment advances for this disease have been limited due to a poor understanding of the overall tumor biology. Based upon its histological appearance, HSA has been presumed to originate from transformed endothelial cells; however, accumulating data now suggest a pluripotent bone marrow progenitor as the cell of origin for this disease. More recently, the identification of a novel subclassification of HSAs has provided a foundation to further our understanding of the cellular characteristics of HSA tumor cells, along with those of the cells comprising the tumor microenvironment. These discoveries hold promise for the development of new approaches to improve treatments for canine HSA, as well as to establish the utility of this disease as a spontaneous model to understand the pathogenesis and develop new treatments for vascular tumors of humans. In this review, we will provide a brief historical perspective and pathobiology of canine HSA, along with a focus on the recent advances in the molecular and cellular understanding of these tumors. In addition, future directions that should continue to improve our understanding of HSA pathogenesis will be discussed.
血管肉瘤（HSA）是犬类常见的侵袭性癌症。虽然皮肤肿块通常可通过肿瘤切除进行治疗，但内脏肿瘤几乎总是无法治愈。由于对整体肿瘤生物学了解不足，该疾病的治疗进展有限。基于其组织学表现，HSA被推测起源于转化的内皮细胞；然而，目前越来越多的数据表明多能骨髓祖细胞是这种疾病的起源细胞。最近，HSAs一种新的亚分类的鉴定为进一步了解HSA肿瘤细胞以及构成肿瘤微环境的细胞的细胞特征提供了基础。这些发现有望开发出新的方法来改善犬类HSA的治疗，以及确立这种疾病作为一种自发模型的效用，以了解人类血管肿瘤的发病机制并开发新的治疗方法。在这篇综述中，我们将简要介绍犬类HSA的历史背景和病理生物学，并重点关注对这些肿瘤分子和细胞理解的最新进展。此外，还将讨论应继续增进我们对HSA发病机制理解的未来方向。
