Chiesa Fuxench Zelma C
Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;1027:11-19. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-64804-0_2.
Multiple risk factors have been associated with the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). Recent advances in understanding the role of genetics in this disease have been made, with discovery of the filaggrin (FLG) gene as the most notable so far. In addition to FLG gene mutations as a risk factor for AD, a positive family history of atopic or allergic disease in either parent, has been shown to confer a greater risk of developing AD. Atopic dermatitis usually presents early in life and is thought to represent the initial-step in the "atopic march" which is characterized by the development of other atopic diseases later in life such as asthma, allergic rhinitis and/or rhinoconjunctivitis, food allergies and hay fever. Other comorbid diseases that have been associated with AD include increase risk of viral and bacterial skin infections, neuropsychiatric diseases such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) and autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). Patients with AD, have also been found to have worse sleep quality overall compared to patients without AD. In this chapter, we will discuss the risk factors associated with development of atopic dermatitis as well as the most commonly reported comorbidities in patients with this disease.
多种风险因素与特应性皮炎（AD）的发病相关。在了解遗传学在该疾病中的作用方面已有新进展，迄今最显著的是发现了丝聚合蛋白（FLG）基因。除了FLG基因突变作为AD的一个风险因素外，父母中一方有特应性或过敏性疾病的阳性家族史，已被证明会增加患AD的风险。特应性皮炎通常在生命早期出现，被认为是“特应性进程”的初始阶段，其特征是在生命后期出现其他特应性疾病，如哮喘、过敏性鼻炎和/或鼻结膜炎、食物过敏和花粉症。与AD相关的其他合并症包括病毒和细菌性皮肤感染风险增加、神经精神疾病，如注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）和自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）。与无AD的患者相比，AD患者总体睡眠质量也更差。在本章中，我们将讨论与特应性皮炎发病相关的风险因素以及该疾病患者最常报告的合并症。
