1 Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER) , Puducherry, India .
2 Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER) , Puducherry, India .
J Med Food. 2018 Jan;21(1):81-89. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2017.3942. Epub 2017 Oct 24.
Amla (Emblica officinalis) has antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, but its effect on free radical induced red cell damage and membrane and plasma protein alterations has not been adequately addressed. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant property of amla against oxidative stress-induced red cell damage and plasma protein alterations. Red blood cells (RBCs) were preincubated with different concentrations of amla extract (50, 100, 150, and 200 μg/mL) and then treated with physiological (5 mM) and pathological (50 mM) concentrations of glucose for 24 h. In another in vitro study the plasma was pretreated with different concentrations of amla extract and then incubated with 2, 2'-Azo-Bis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH) for 2 h. After the incubation RBC-malondialdehyde (MDA), RBC-reduced glutathione (GSH), RBC indices, RBC morphometric study, plasma MDA, protein carbonylation, total protein, and albumin were estimated. The antioxidant property of amla was assessed by DPPH assay. RBC-MDA levels were significantly decreased and RBC-GSH levels were significantly increased with higher concentration of amla extract (150 and 200 μg/mL). Red cell count and its indices were improved with the increasing concentration of amla. In addition, at higher concentration, amla restored the RBC membrane integrity. The plasma in vitro study also showed that amla improved the plasma MDA, protein carbonylation, total protein, and albumin levels. Amla extract effectively protected the RBCs and plasma proteins from the reactive oxygen species induced oxidative damage. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of the extract revealed the presence of gallic acid, quinic acid, and quercetin as the major constituents in addition to the other flavonoids.
余甘子（余甘子）具有降血糖、降血脂、抗炎和抗氧化作用，但尚未充分研究其对自由基诱导的红细胞损伤以及膜和血浆蛋白改变的影响。本研究旨在评估余甘子提取物对氧化应激诱导的红细胞损伤和血浆蛋白改变的抗氧化作用。将红细胞（RBC）与不同浓度的余甘子提取物（50、100、150 和 200μg/mL）预孵育，然后用生理（5mM）和病理（50mM）浓度的葡萄糖处理 24 小时。在另一项体外研究中，将血浆用不同浓度的余甘子提取物预处理，然后用 2,2'-偶氮-双（2-甲基丙脒）二盐酸盐（AAPH）孵育 2 小时。孵育后，测定红细胞丙二醛（MDA）、红细胞还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）、红细胞指数、红细胞形态学研究、血浆 MDA、蛋白羰基化、总蛋白和白蛋白。通过 DPPH 测定法评估余甘子的抗氧化性能。随着余甘子提取物浓度的增加（150 和 200μg/mL），红细胞 MDA 水平显著降低，红细胞 GSH 水平显著升高。随着余甘子浓度的增加，红细胞计数及其指数得到改善。此外，在较高浓度下，余甘子恢复了红细胞膜的完整性。体外血浆研究还表明，余甘子提高了血浆 MDA、蛋白羰基化、总蛋白和白蛋白水平。余甘子提取物能有效保护红细胞和血浆蛋白免受活性氧诱导的氧化损伤。提取物的液相色谱-质谱（LC-MS）分析表明，除其他类黄酮外，提取物中还含有没食子酸、奎尼酸和槲皮素等主要成分。
