Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
National Records of Scotland, Scottish Government, Edinburgh, UK.
J Epidemiol Community Health. 2018 Jan;72(1):78-85. doi: 10.1136/jech-2017-209748. Epub 2017 Oct 25.
Prevalence of intellectual disabilities varies considerably between studies. People with intellectual disabilities experience health inequalities, but most studies comprise small or incomplete populations. We investigated in a whole country population the (1) prevalence of intellectual disabilities and (2) general health status compared with the general population.
Data were from Scotland's Census, 2011. We calculated the prevalence of intellectual disabilities, reported general health status of people with and without intellectual disabilities and the extent of health-related limitations to daily activities. We conducted logistic regressions to determine the ORs of intellectual disabilities predicting poor health and associations with age and gender.
Of Scotland's 5 295 403 population, 26 349 (0.5%) had intellectual disabilities; 15 149 (57.5%) were males and 11 200 (42.5%) were females; 5234 (0.6%) were children/youth (0-15) and 21 115 (0.5%) were adults (16-75+ years). Identification of intellectual disabilities rises until age 5 years, with a further small rise by age 9 years. Children and adults with intellectual disabilities reported more poor health (47.9% and 40.3%) than the general population (2.1% and 13.8%) and were more limited in activities by their health. Intellectual disabilities had an OR of 43.2 (95% CI 40.8 to 45.7) in predicting poor health; the influence of increasing age on poor health was markedly interacted by presence of intellectual disabilities, likely to be due to a 'healthy survivor' effect within the intellectual disabilities population.
People with intellectual disabilities have poorer general health than other people, especially children and young people. Accurate information on population prevalence and health status is essential to plan appropriate resources.
智力残疾的患病率在不同研究中差异很大。智力残疾人存在健康不平等现象，但大多数研究的样本规模较小或不完整。我们在一个全国性的人群中调查了（1）智力残疾的患病率，（2）与普通人群相比的总体健康状况。
数据来自苏格兰 2011 年的人口普查。我们计算了智力残疾的患病率，报告了有和没有智力残疾的人的总体健康状况以及健康相关活动受限的程度。我们进行了逻辑回归，以确定智力残疾预测健康状况不佳的优势比（OR）以及与年龄和性别相关的关联。
在苏格兰的 5295403 人口中，有 26349 人（0.5%）患有智力残疾；其中 15149 人（57.5%）为男性，11200 人（42.5%）为女性；5234 人（0.6%）为儿童/青少年（0-15 岁），21115 人（0.5%）为成年人（16-75 岁及以上）。智力残疾的识别率在 5 岁前上升，9 岁后略有上升。有智力残疾的儿童和成年人报告的健康状况较差（分别为 47.9%和 40.3%），高于普通人群（分别为 2.1%和 13.8%），且健康状况对其活动的限制更大。智力残疾预测健康状况不佳的 OR 为 43.2（95%CI 40.8 至 45.7）；年龄对健康状况不佳的影响与智力残疾的存在明显相互作用，这可能是由于智力残疾人群中存在“健康幸存者”效应。
智力残疾人的总体健康状况不如其他人，尤其是儿童和年轻人。准确的人口患病率和健康状况信息对于规划适当的资源至关重要。
