Epstein Graham, Smale Dan A
Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom The Laboratory Citadel Hill Plymouth UK.
Ocean and Earth Science National Oceanography Centre Southampton University of Southampton European Way Southampton UK.
Ecol Evol. 2017 Sep 22;7(20):8624-8642. doi: 10.1002/ece3.3430. eCollection 2017 Oct.
Marine invasion ecology and management have progressed significantly over the last 30 years although many knowledge gaps and challenges remain. The kelp , or "Wakame," has a global non-native range and is considered one of the world's "worst" invasive species. Since its first recorded introduction in 1971, numerous studies have been conducted on its ecology, invasive characteristics, and impacts, yet a general consensus on the best approach to its management has not yet been reached. Here, we synthesize current understanding of this highly invasive species and adopt as a case study to highlight challenges in wider marine invasion ecology and management. Invasive species such as are likely to continue to spread and become conspicuous, prominent components of coastal marine communities. While in many cases, marine invasive species have detectable deleterious impacts on recipient communities, in many others their influence is often limited and location specific. Although not yet conclusive, may cause some ecological impact, but it does not appear to drive ecosystem change in most invaded regions. Targeted management actions have also had minimal success. Further research is needed before well-considered, evidence-based management decisions can be made. However, if was to become officially unmanaged in parts of its non-native range, the presence of a highly productive, habitat former with commercial value and a broad ecological niche, could have significant economic and even environmental benefit. How science and policy reacts to the continued invasion of may influence how similar marine invasive species are handled in the future.
在过去30年里，海洋入侵生态学与管理取得了显著进展，尽管仍存在许多知识空白和挑战。海带，即“裙带菜”，在全球范围内都有非本土分布，被视为世界上“最糟糕”的入侵物种之一。自1971年首次有记录引入以来，人们对其生态学、入侵特性及影响展开了大量研究，但对于其管理的最佳方法尚未达成普遍共识。在此，我们综合了当前对这种高度入侵性物种的认识，并以其作为案例研究，以突出更广泛的海洋入侵生态学与管理中的挑战。像海带这样的入侵物种可能会继续扩散，并成为沿海海洋群落中显著且突出的组成部分。虽然在许多情况下，海洋入侵物种对受纳群落有可察觉的有害影响，但在许多其他情况下，它们的影响往往是有限的且具有地点特异性。尽管尚无定论，但海带可能会造成一些生态影响，但在大多数被入侵地区，它似乎并未推动生态系统发生变化。针对性的管理行动也收效甚微。在做出经过充分考虑、基于证据的管理决策之前，还需要进一步研究。然而，如果海带在其非本土分布的部分地区不再受到官方管理，那么这种具有高生产力、具有商业价值且生态位广泛的栖息地形成者的存在，可能会带来重大的经济甚至环境效益。科学和政策如何应对海带的持续入侵，可能会影响未来对类似海洋入侵物种的处理方式。
